The T2K experiment

The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle θ13 by observing νe appearance in a νμ beam. It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters, and sin22θ23, via νμ disappearance studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross-section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. The experiment uses an intense proton beam generated by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far detector (Super-Kamiokande) located 295 km away from J-PARC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the instrumentation aspect of the T2K experiment and a summary of the vital information for each subsystem

Development of floating rafts after the rewetting of cut-over bogs: the importance of peat quality

Contains fulltext : 60321.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)The usual method of restoring cut-over bogs is to rewet the peat surface. but this often leads to the remaining peat layers being deeply inundated. For Sphagnum-dominated vegetation to develop at deeply inundated locations. it is important for floating rafts of buoyant residual peat to develop. In this study. the chemical and physical characteristics of buoyant and inundated peat collected from rewetted cut-over bog were compared. In general. buoyant peat was poorly humified: high methane (CH4) production rates (greater than or equal to2 mumol g(-1) DW day(-1)) were important to ensure buoyancy. Although the peat water CH4 concentrations increased with depth. the CH4 production rates were higher in the uppermost peat layers. High CH4 production rates were related positively with P concentrations and negatively with lignin concentrations. The pH to bulk density ratio (greater than or equal to0.05) also appeared to be a good indicator of CH4 production rates, providing an easy and cheap way to measure. the variable for restoration practitioners. Our results indicated that analysing certain simple characteristics of the residual peat can greatly improve the success of the rewetting measures taken in cut-over bogs. If the analysis reveals that the residual peat is unsuitable for floating raft formation, deep inundation is inappropriate unless suitable peat from other locations can be introduced