Pour une géographie écologique : interprétation d’une mise en jeu des acteurs à travers l’analyse des coûts sociaux de la rénovation urbaine

Derrière le spectacle de l'organisation territoriale se cachent des coûts socio-économiques imposés aux usagers. Appréhendés dans le cadre particulier de la rénovation urbaine, ces coûts signifient que les décideurs de l'appropriation et de l'aménagement du territoire ne tiennent que très peu compte des aspirations humaines. À l'aide des notions de territorialité et d'échelle, le géographe concerné peut analyser en profondeur et de façon critique un tel état de fait. Il forme ensuite un projet écologique qui lui permet de redéfinir les rapports non aliénants que l'homme doit entretenir avec son environnement physique et humain.Territorial organization covers up socio-economic costs imposed behind the scène on users. Taken as a part of urban renewal, these costs mean that those who decide on territorial appropriation and town and country planning do not really care much about human factors. With the help of notions such as territoriality and scale, geographers dealing with this problem can analyse such a situation thoroughly and from a critical point of view. They then draw up an ecological scheme, which will allow them to redefine the non-alienating relations that man must maintain between himself and his physical and human environment

Models of National Settlement Systems: 2. How Can One Approach Policy Oriented Modeling of Poorly Understood Systems?

The aim of this note is to highlight some of the difficulties in the dynamical modeling of poorly understood systems, and to call for a strategy that integrates fundamental research on the structure of workings of the urban system with the policy need for methodologies that analyze through time the effects and repercussions of alternative policies

Dynamic Models of the Interaction between Migration and the Differential Growth of Cities

The general area of interest of this paper is the dynamic relationship between regional imbalances, migration, and the differential growth of cities. In particular, the paper considers the feasibility of building dynamic models of the economic and demographic interactions between a set of linked cities, which could be used to explore the effects and repercussions of national settlement policies addressed at the alleviation of imbalances. Inter-regional economic growth models are well known, and, recently several papers have focused on inter-regional demographic models. There has been less research on the dynamics of the interdependent interaction between economic and demographic growth. This paper focuses on this economic-demographic adjustment for a system of linked city regions and considers research results which point to several difficulties in building theoretically well structured dynamic models of differential city growth. Part of the paper considers the inadequacies of current theories of inter-regional population migration and a new approach based on job-search theory is outlined

On the extrapolation to ITER of discharges in present tokamaks

An expression for the extrapolated fusion gain G = Pfusion /5 Pheat (Pfusion being the total fusion power and Pheat the total heating power) of ITER in terms of the confinement improvement factor (H) and the normalised beta (betaN) is derived in this paper. It is shown that an increase in normalised beta can be expected to have a negative or neutral influence on G depending on the chosen confinement scaling law. Figures of merit like H betaN / q95^2 should be used with care, since large values of this quantity do not guarantee high values of G, and might not be attainable with the heating power installed on ITER.Comment: 6 Pages, 3 figures, Submitted to Nuclear Fusion on the 29th of November 200

The Evolving Cyber Threat Landscape during the Coronavirus Crisis

In light of the societal changes wrought by the coronavirus pandemic, this report examines the impact this crisis has had on the general cybersecurity threat landscape during the first two quarters of 2020. This report highlights that the coronavirus pandemic has generated a set of remarkable and psycho-societal, technical, and logistical-economic circumstances upon which malicious actors have capitalized. The analysis of the COVID-19-related cyber threats conducted for this report shows an overarching degree of continuity in terms of the types of attacks, threats actors, and the volume of attacks. Adversarial behavior has, however, changed and evolved in terms of scale, sophistication, targets, and motivation. Based on these findings, this report has developed a range of recommendations for addressing key cybersecurity implications of the pandemic.Vor dem Hintergrund der durch die Corona-Pandemie hervorgerufenen gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen untersucht dieser Bericht die Auswirkungen dieser Krise auf die allgemeine Bedrohungslage im Bereich der Cybersicherheit in den ersten beiden Quartalen des Jahres 2020. Der Bericht hebt hervor, dass die Corona-Pandemie eine Reihe von bemerkenswerten psycho-sozialen, technischen und logistisch-wirtschaftlichen Umständen geschaffen hat, aus denen bösartige Akteure Kapital geschlagen haben. Die für diesen Bericht durchgeführte Analyse der COVID-19-bedingten Cyberbedrohungen zeigt ein grosses Mass an Kontinuität im Bezug auf die Arten von Angriffen, die bedrohenden Akteure und das Ausmass der Angriffe. Das Verhalten der Angreifer hat sich jedoch in Bezug auf Umfang, Raffinesse, Ziele und Motivation verändert und weiterentwickelt. Basierende auf diesen Erkenntnissen hat dieser Bericht eine Reihe von Empfehlungen entwickelt, um die wichtigsten Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die Cybersicherheit anzugehen