75,490 research outputs found
Вибір складу технологічного середовища для ФАБО
The article includes the systematized information on processing mediums used for FANT. The role of
processing medium components for producing antifriction coatings with the complex of tribotechnical properties
has been shown. On the basis of well-known compositions, conditions for coating formation as well as the
functional and technological requirements for FANT processing mediums, the procedure has been proposed for
developing and choosing the composition of processing medium for laying the coatings by applying FANT
method. Метою даної роботи є розробка алгоритму вибору компонентів складу технологічного
середовища для ФАБО. Це дозволить із усього різноманіття вибрати найбільш ефективний склад
технологічного середовища, тим самим одержати якісні покриття й підвищити продуктивність ФАБО.
Для цього в статті систематизовані відомості про технологічні середовища, що
використовуються при ФАБО. Показана роль компонентів технологічних середовищ для одержання
антифрикційних покриттів із комплексом триботехнічних властивостей. Проаналізовані основні
функціональні й технологічні вимоги до технологічних середовищ, що застосовуються при ФАБО,
спрямовані на досягнення комплексу триботехнічних властивостей.
На основі аналізу відомих складів, умов формування покриттів, а також функціональних і
технологічних вимог, що висувають до технологічних середовищ, запропонований порядок розробки й
вибору складу технологічного середовища для нанесення покриттів методом ФАБО
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Is current irrigation sustainable in the United States? An integrated assessment of climate change impact on water resources and irrigated crop yields.
While climate change impacts on crop yields has been extensively studied, estimating the impact of water shortages on irrigated crop yields is challenging because the water resources management system is complex. To investigate this issue, we integrate a crop yield reduction module and a water resources model into the MIT Integrated Global System Modeling framework, an integrated assessment model linking a global economic model to an Earth system model. We assess the effects of climate and socioeconomic changes on water availability for irrigation in the U.S. as well as subsequent impacts on crop yields by 2050, while accounting for climate change projection uncertainty. We find that climate and socioeconomic changes will increase water shortages and strongly reduce irrigated yields for specific crops (i.e., cotton and forage), or in specific regions (i.e., the Southwest) where irrigation is not sustainable. Crop modeling studies that do not represent changes in irrigation availability can thus be misleading. Yet, since the most water-stressed basins represent a relatively small share of U.S. irrigated areas, the overall reduction in U.S. crop yields is small. The response of crop yields to climate change and water stress also suggests that some level of adaptation will be feasible, like relocating croplands to regions with sustainable irrigation or switching to less irrigation intensive crops. Finally, additional simulations show that greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation can alleviate the effect of water stress on irrigated crop yields, enough to offset the reduced CO2 fertilization effect compared to an unconstrained GHG emission scenario
An effective ant-colony based routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc network
An effective Ant-Colony based routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc network is proposed in this paper. In this routing scheme, each path is marked by path grade, which is calculated from the combination of multiple constrained QoS parameters such as the time delay, packet loss rate and bandwidth, etc. packet routing is decided by the path grade and the queue buffer length of the node. The advantage of this scheme is that it can effectively improve the packet delivery ratio and reduce the end-to-end delay. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can improve the packet delivery ratio by 9%-22% and the end-to-end delay can be reduced by 14%-16% as compared with the conventional QAODV and ARA routing schemes
Auditory communication in domestic dogs: vocal signalling in the extended social environment of a companion animal
Domestic dogs produce a range of vocalisations, including barks, growls, and whimpers, which are shared with other canid species. The source–filter model of vocal production can be used as a theoretical and applied framework to explain how and why the acoustic properties of some vocalisations are constrained by physical characteristics of the caller, whereas others are more dynamic, influenced by transient states such as arousal or motivation. This chapter thus reviews how and why particular call types are produced to transmit specific types of information, and how such information may be perceived by receivers. As domestication is thought to have caused a divergence in the vocal behaviour of dogs as compared to the ancestral wolf, evidence of both dog–human and human–dog communication is considered. Overall, it is clear that domestic dogs have the potential to acoustically broadcast a range of information, which is available to conspecific and human receivers. Moreover, dogs are highly attentive to human speech and are able to extract speaker identity, emotional state, and even some types of semantic information
Examining Population Structure of Rajasthan with Implications for Public Health Planning and rate Standardization to support Eye and Vision Care Public Health Programming
Introduction: Scientific thinking and methods are necessary in order to make valid comparisons of the distribution of health outcomes within and across populations. To date, no prior report has been identified as examining the population structure of Rajasthan and its implication for public health planning applied to eye health and vision care service utilization. In this report, the population structure of Rajasthan was examined based on official projections. A brief discussion was offered for the use of population structure data in public health planning, specifically to support eye health and vision care public health programming in Rajasthan.Methods: Using an ecological design, secondary data were used to examine the projected population structures of Rajasthan and India from 2016 to 2026. The data were abstracted from publically-available reports and organized by age group and sex for 2016, 2021, and 2026. Population pyramids were constructedfor the data from each of the three aforementioned years for both the population of Rajasthan and the corresponding data for the population of India.Results: The projected population of Rajasthan is expected to rise from 2016 to 2026. During this tenyear time span, the proportion of individuals in the younger age groups (birth to 34 years) will represent a sizable number of individuals compared to those in the older age groups. A comparison of the projected population structures, by age-group strata and sex, showed differences in population pyramids.Discussion: These findings suggest that, when making public health planning decisions for Rajasthan, public health planners concerned with eye conditions and vision care service utilization might consider the distribution of population by age grouping. Furthermore, it might be appropriate to establish a “standardreference population” for Rajasthan in order to compare age-standardized rates of eye conditions and vision care utilization through 2026
Does the Constitution Provide More Ballot Access Protection for Presidential Elections Than for U.S. House Elections?
Both the U.S. Constitution and The Federalist Papers suggest that voters ought to have more freedom to vote for the candidate of their choice for the U.S. House of Representatives than they do for the President or the U.S. Senate. Yet, strangely, for the last thirty-three years, the U.S. Supreme Court and lower courts have ruled that the Constitution gives voters more freedom to vote for the candidate of their choice in presidential elections than in congressional elections. Also, state legislatures, which have been writing ballot access laws since 1888, have passed laws that make it easier for minor-party and independent candidates to get on the ballot for President than for the U.S. House. As a result, voters in virtually every state invariably have far more choices on their general election ballots for the President than they do for the House. This Article argues that the right of a voter to vote for someone other than a Democrat or a Republican for the House is just as important as a voter’s right to do so for President, and that courts should grant more ballot access protection to minor-party and independent candidates for the House
Does the Constitution Provide More Ballot Access Protection for Presidential Elections Than for U.S. House Elections?
Both the U.S. Constitution and The Federalist Papers suggest that voters ought to have more freedom to vote for the candidate of their choice for the U.S. House of Representatives than they do for the President or the U.S. Senate. Yet, strangely, for the last thirty-three years, the U.S. Supreme Court and lower courts have ruled that the Constitution gives voters more freedom to vote for the candidate of their choice in presidential elections than in congressional elections. Also, state legislatures, which have been writing ballot access laws since 1888, have passed laws that make it easier for minor-party and independent candidates to get on the ballot for President than for the U.S. House. As a result, voters in virtually every state invariably have far more choices on their general election ballots for the President than they do for the House. This Article argues that the right of a voter to vote for someone other than a Democrat or a Republican for the House is just as important as a voter’s right to do so for President, and that courts should grant more ballot access protection to minor-party and independent candidates for the House
Oats in the diet of dairy cows : milk production and enteric methane emissions
The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate whether replacing barley with oats as a grain supplement for dairy cows could reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions without compromising milk production. Barley is a more common grain supplement in Sweden, mainly due to higher tabulated feeding values suggesting higher milk production with barley than with oats. In the first paper, different varieties of oats and barley were evaluated in vitro. Predicted in vivo CH4 emissions were lower from the oat diets than from the barley diets. In the second paper, barley was replaced by hulled oats as a grain supplement to dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet. Replacing barley with oats decreased organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy intake but did not affect milk or energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield. Daily CH4 emissions (g/d) and CH4 intensity (g/kg ECM) decreased by 4.7 and 4.8%, respectively. In the third paper, dairy cows were fed one of four grain supplements: barley, hulled oats, dehulled oats, or a mix of hulled and dehulled oats. Organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy intake were similar between the barley diet and the oat diets, but milk and ECM yield were higher with the oat diets. Replacing hulled oats with dehulled oats did not affect milk or ECM yield. Daily CH4 emissions were similar between the barley diet and the oat diets. Yet, due to higher ECM yield, CH4 intensity was 5.7% lower with the oat diets. In the fourth paper, we investigated fatty acid composition of milk. Milk fat from cows fed oats contained lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, replacing barley with oats in the diet of dairy cows does not compromise milk production and could offer a practical strategy to slightly reduce enteric CH4 emissions and to change milk quality to be more in line with dietary guidelines
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