A follow-up study of post-COVID-19 syndrome in hospitalized children with Omicron variant infection in Wuhan

BackgroundSince the Chinese government changed its COVID-19 prevention and control policies, the rapid spread of the omicron variant resulted in a pervasive surge of infections throughout the nation, particularly affecting children. Although the acute symptoms of children infected with COVID-19 are milder compared to adults, the impact of post-COVID-19 syndromes (PCS) on the growth and development of children should not be ignored. The clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and long-term effects of children are significantly different from those of adults, making it necessary to understand the phenotype of children with PCS in order to effectively manage their health.MethodsThe study focuses on hospitalized children infected with omicron variant in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from December 7, 2022, to January 5, 2023. Three telephone follow-ups with the guardians was conducted at 4–5 weeks, 12–13 weeks, and 24–25 weeks after the patients' discharge to understand their prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of PCS.ResultsThe age range of the 112 hospitalized pediatric patients was 0–13 years, with a median age of 19 months. After three follow-ups, 49.1% patients had PCS, while the incidence of PCS persisting 3 month was 21.4%, with a prevalence of PCS persisting 6 month of 10.7%. From the first follow-up phase to the third phase, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of PCS. In infants, the most common persistent symptom was sleep disorder (19.2%), followed by respiratory symptoms, diarrhea (8.2%), and decreased appetite (6.8%). In children and adolescents, decreased appetite was the most common persistent symptom (30.8%), followed by respiratory symptoms, fatigue (15.4%), and mood changes (15.4%). Decreased appetite was more common in the children and adolescents, while diarrhea and sleep disorders were more common in the infants. Binary logistic regression analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis showed that times of illness (OR = 1.671, 95% CI: 1.339–2.086) were positively correlated with the duration of symptoms. Times of illness was positively correlated with cough/expectoration (OR = 1.491, 95% CI: 1.039–2.138). Age (OR = 0.844, 95% CI: 0.755–0.944) and re-hospitalization (OR = 0.146, 95% CI: 0.022–0.969) were positively correlated with sleep disorders.ConclusionsChildren with Omicron variant may still experience PCS, but the incidence is lower compared to adults and compared to other variants and the incidence of PCS will gradually decrease over time. The symptoms of PCS differ between older children and infants and it is necessary to prevent recurrent illness for at least half a year after COVID-19 recovery. In order to further understand and ameliorate the impact of PCS on the health of children infected with COVID-19, subsequent follow-up studies will expand the scope, combine with objective follow-up contents, and establish an assessment and management system especially for children of different ages

Translation of English Fiction and Drama in Modern China: Social Context, Literary Trends, and Impact

This article, which is organized along a chronological-thematic framework, will briefly review the early days of translating American and British fiction and drama into Chinese, the social context in which these translations were done, the literary ideas which have affected the work of Chinese writers, and the social impact that translated works of literature and literary theory have had in various periods of literature. The bottom line is that the literary works introduced to China to date represent only the tip of the iceberg. We need more quality translations for Chinese readers and more qualified and experienced translators to complete the job.Dans cet article, organisé selon un cadre chronologique et thématique, nous présentons brièvement les débuts de la traduction de la littérature américaine et britannique en Chine, le contexte social dans lequel cette activité traductionnelle s'est déroulée, les pensées littéraires subséquentes qui ont marqué le travail des écrivains chinois et l'impact social que ces travaux littéraires traduits et les théories littéraires ont produit pendant les diverses périodes littéraires sur les différents courants en Chine. Il faut reconnaître que les textes traduits introduits en Chine ne sont que la pointe de l'iceberg. Nous avons besoin davantage de traductions de qualité pour les lecteurs chinois et de plus de traducteurs d'expérience pour faire le travail

Highlights of Translation Studies in China Since the Mid-Nineteenth Century

This article attempts to highlight the thoughts of some of the prominent figures in translation studies over the past hundred years or so. With the onset of the third wave in translation activities, some patriotic scholars called for the establishment of translator training schools to meet the challenges coming from the West, while others set about introducing Western literature and philosophy into China. In the course of translating, problems cropped up, translators and scholars began to argue about what criteria they should follow, what methods they should use, and how to judge the quality of translation. As China moved into a new era, translation activities boomed and translation studies flourished, all proceeding in an orderly fashion and on a mass scale. A new wave emerged, bringing China closer to the outside world.Cet article présente les idées des chercheurs chinois en traductologie au cours des 100 dernières années. Dès le commencement de la troisième vague de traduction, des intellectuels patriotes réclament des écoles de traduction afin de relever le défi venu de l'Occident, d'autres introduisent la littérature et la philosophie occidentales en Chine. De nombreux problèmes de traduction surgissent, les traducteurs et les chercheurs discutent des critères à respecter, des méthodes à adopter et des façons d'évaluer la qualité de la traduction. En même temps que la Chine entrait dans une nouvelle ère, la traduction se développait et les études de traduction fleurissaient ; toutes ces activités continuent de progresser et de se développer de façon ordonnée. Une nouvelle vague s'amorce, rapprochant la Chine du monde extérieur

Translation in China: A Motivating Force

Au cours de ses 5000 ans d'histoire, la Chine a connu quatre différentes vagues d'activité traductionnelle. La première a commencé avec la traduction des classiques bouddhistes par des moines d'Inde et d'Asie centrale et par des moines chinois à l'aise tant avec ces doctrines qu'avec le sanscrit. La traduction des écrits bouddhiques s'étale sur plus de 1000 ans (à partir de la fin de la dynastie Han) et a laissé des traces indélébiles sur la religion, la philosophie et la vie sociale en Chine. La deuxième vague de traduction débute à la fin de la dynastie Ming (fin du xvie siècle) quand les missionnaires jésuites arrivèrent de l'Occident pour prêcher le catholicisme et enseigner la science et la technologie. La signature imposée du traité de Nanking marque le début de la troisième vague qui se caractérise par la traduction d'ouvrages de sciences sociales, de science militaire et de littérature. Enfin, la dernière vague commence à la fin des années 1950, elle est interrompue par la révolution culturelle et reprend à la fin des années 1970. Dans un certain sens, la traduction a donné au pays une impulsion vers le progrès.Four waves of translation activities have marked China's 5,000-year-long history. The first wave began with the translation of Buddhist classics by Indian and Central Asian Buddhist monks by Chinese monks conversant in both the doctrines and Sanskrit. The translation of Buddhist scriptures began in the late Han Dynasty and continued for more than 1,000 years, leaving a permanent influence on China's religion, philosophy and social life. The second wave of translating started in the late Ming Dynasty of the 16th century, when the Jesuit missionaries from the West came to China to spread Catholicism and teach science and technology. The signing, at gunpoint, of the Treaty of Nanking ushered in a third wave of translation activity, this one focused on works of social sciences, military sciences, and literature. The fourth wave of translation activity began in the late 1950s, was interrupted by the outbreak of the cultural revolution, but resumed its momentum in the late 1970s. In a sense, translation in China has served as a sort of motivating force, giving impetus to the country's progress

Effect of water content and structural anisotropy on mechanical property of claystone

International audienceThe mechanical behavior of claystone is sensitive to water content and structural anisotropy. In this paper, the mechanical property of claystone is first investigated by micro-indentation test and mini-compression test, performed on samples under different levels of relative humidity. The influence of structural anisotropy is then considered. The micro-indentation and mini-compression tests are performed on samples respectively in parallel and perpendicular directions with respect to bedding planes. As the relative humidity increases, for both parallel and perpendicular directions, the elastic modulus and failure strength decrease, and the plastic deformation becomes more and more pronounced. When comparing the mechanical property of claystone between parallel and perpendicular directions, an anisotropic behavior is found in elastic modulus, axial strain at peak stress as well as peak stress. The influences of water content and structural anisotropy are explained through suction effects and microstructure evolutions

The lowest point of fibula (LPF) could be used as a reliable bony landmark for arthroscopic anchor placement of lateral ankle ligaments ----compared with open Broström procedure

Abstract Background Arthroscopic technique procedures was wide accepted for the treatment of chronic ankle instability (CAI). But little acknowledge was involved to the bony landmarks and anatomic features of different bundles of lateral ligaments under arthroscopic view. Methods Sixty patients with acute or chronic lateral ankle ligaments injury (LAI) were collected prospectively, and divided randomly into two groups. In arthroscopic group, the bone tunnels were made on the LPF arthroscopically. And in open group, the bone tunnels were made on the Fibular obscure tubercle (FOT) in open procedure. The inferior bundle of ATFL and Arcuate fibre was also identified reference to the LPF and labeled by a PDS II suture penetration. Following that, The distances of the bone tunnels to the different bony markers were measured and compare between two groups. The penetrating locations of PDS II on the inferior bundle of ATFL and Arcuate fibre were also confirmed intraoperatively. And the safe angle of anchor implantation on the axial view was measured on postoperative CT scan. Results The distances of bone tunnel to the fibular tip, the fibular insertion of anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), and the FOT in arthroscopic and open locating groups were 4.9 ± 2.2 and 6.3 ± 2.2 mm, 13.5 ± 2.7 and 12.4 ± 1.1 mm, 5.8 ± 2.2 and 5.6 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The distances of bone tunnels to the FOT and fibular tip on 3d-CT view was 4.4 ± 1.5 and 4.6 ± 0.9 mm, 14.4 ± 3.2 and 13.2 ± 1.8 mm in arthroscopic and open group, and there were no significant differences between two groups. The safe angle of arthroscopic anchor placement on the axial plan was ranged from 24.9 ± 6.3o to 58.1 ± 8.0o. The PDS II sutures penetrating on the inferior bundles of ATFL and the arciform fibres were also comfirmed successfully by open visualizaion.The average distance of penetration point to the horizontal line cross the fibular tip was 2.3 ± 2.7 mm (ranged from − 3.1 to 6.0 mm), and to the vertical line cross the FOT was 2.7 ± 2.7 mm (ranged from − 2.5 to 7.5 mm). Conclusion Take the lowest point of fibula under arthroscopy (LPF) as a bony reference, we could identify the iATFL under arthroscopic visualization. By this way, we could place the suture anchors properly to the fibular footprint and suture the iATFL fibres successfully

Malaria epidemiological characteristics and control in Guangzhou, China, 1950–2022

Abstract Background Malaria was once widespread in Guangzhou, China. However, a series of control measures have succeeded in eliminating local malaria infections. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of malaria epidemics in Guangzhou, China, from 1950 to 2022, the changes and effectiveness of malaria control strategies and surveillance management in Guangzhou from 1950 to 2022 are described. Methods Data on malaria prevention and treatment in Guangzhou from 1950 to 2022 were collected, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyse the prevalence of malaria, preventive and control measures taken, and the effectiveness of prevention and treatment in different periods. Data on malaria cases were obtained from the Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the China Communicable Disease Reporting System. Results The development of the malaria control system in Guangzhou has gone through four periods: 1. High malaria prevalence (1950–1979), 2. Intensive prevention and control stage (1980–2000), 3. Consolidating gains in malaria control (2001–2008), and 4. Preventing reestablishment of transmission (2009–2022). During Period 1, only medical institutions at all levels and the local CDCs, the Guangzhou CDC participated in the malaria prevention and control system, establishing a three-tier health system on malaria prevention and control. During Period 2, other types of organizations, including the agricultural sector, schools and village committees, the construction department and street committee, are involved in the malaria control system. During Period 3, more and more organizations are joining forces to prevent and control malaria. A well-established multisectoral malaria control mechanism and an improved post-elimination surveillance management system are in place. Between 1950 and 2022, a total of 420,670 cases of malaria were reported. During Period 1, there was an epidemic of malaria in the early 1950s, with an annual incidence rate of more than 10,000/100,000, including a high rate of 2887.98/100,000 in 1954. In Period 2 malaria was gradually brought under control, with the average annual malaria incidence rate dropping to 3.14/100,000. During Period 3, the incidence rate was kept below 1/100,000, and by 2009 local malaria infections were eliminated. Conclusion For decades, Guangzhou has adopted different malaria control strategies and measures at different epidemic stages. Increased collaboration among civil organizations in Guangzhou in malaria control has led to a significant decline in the number of malaria cases and the elimination of indigenous malaria infections by 2009.The experience of Guangzhou can guide the development of malaria control strategies in other cities experiencing similar malaria epidemics

Characteristics of leptospirosis cases, prevention and control managements 1955–2020, Guangzhou, China

Background: Leptospirosis, which is an easily overlooked zoonotic disease, was once widespread in Guangzhou, China. However, due to the implementation of control measures, the number of cases is decreasing. Based on the characteristics of leptospirosis cases in Guangzhou, China, between 1955 and 2020, we describe the changes and achievements in prevention and control management strategies over that period. Methods: The development of the leptospirosis control system in Guangzhou occurred over three periods: Period I: 1955–1978; Period II: 1979–2000; and Period III: 2001–2020. Data about leptospirosis cases were obtained from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and national health departments. The demographic characteristics of leptospirosis patients were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: During Period I, only the Guangzhou CDC and medical institutions at every level participated in the leptospirosis control system. During Period II, additional types of organizations, including local CDCs, countryside committees, community committees, and the Patriotic Health Movement Commission, were involved in the control system. Additionally, strong links were established between different organizations. After entering Period III, an increasing number of departments joined the cooperation, and the management of human patients was expanded to include the management of host animals, and thus, the prevalence of leptospirosis was monitored and controlled in various ways. The leptospirosis control system in Guangzhou has been further improved. From 1955 to 2020, a total of 2501 leptospirosis cases were recorded in Guangzhou, and the number of cases decreased significantly over time, from 1608 (Period I) to 744 (Period II) and then to 149 (Period III). Conclusion: The improvements of the leptospirosis control system in Guangzhou that occurred over decades were associated with a marked decrease in the number of leptospirosis cases. Guangzhou's experience can provide guidance for other countries or cities around the world facing similar challenges

Additional file 1 of The lowest point of fibula (LPF) could be used as a reliable bony landmark for arthroscopic anchor placement of lateral ankle ligaments ----compared with open Broström procedure

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