PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG TEMU HITAM (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP JUMLAH ERITROSIT, KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN HEMATOKRIT DARAH ITIK PEKING

Komponen yang terkandung dalam Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) adalah minyak atsiri, kurkumin dan antelmetika yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan nafsu makan, antibakteri dan antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Temu Hitam dalam ransum terhadap profil darah yang diukur meliputi jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit serta Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) dalam darah itik Peking. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah day old duck (DOD) Itik Peking sebanyak 120 ekor (unsexed) dengan bobot bada rata-rata 100 ± 27,70 g. Bahan pakan yang digunakan merupakan pakan komersil BR-01 AJ yang diproduksi PT. Charoen Phokpand untuk itik Peking yang berumur 4 - 28 hari, sedangkan tepung Temu Hitam dibuat sendiri secara manual. Penelelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan % perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yang masing-masing petak diisi 6 ekor itik Peking. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu : T0 : ransum tanpa Temu Hitam, T1 = ransum + Temu Hitam 0,75%, T2 = ransum + Temu Hitam 1%, T3 = ransum +Temu Hitam 1,25%, dan T4 = ransum + Temu Hitam 1,5%. Data dianalisis ragam, apabila terdapat pengaruh perlakuan nyata dalam setiap perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung Temu Hitam tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit, serta nilai MCHC. Simpulan dari penelitian adalah penambahan tepung Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) dalam ransum itik Peking tidak meningkatkan jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit, serta MCHC, namun secara fisiologis tidak mengganggu kesehatan itik Peking

Estimating age of mature adults from the degeneration of the sternal end of the clavicle

The sternal end of the clavicle has been illustrated to be useful in aging young adults, however, no studies have investigated what age-related changes occur to the sternal end post epiphyseal fusion. In this study, three morphological features (i.e., surface topography, porosity, and osteophyte formation) were examined and scored using 564 clavicles of individuals of European ancestry (n = 318 males; n = 246 females), with known ages of 40+ years, from four documented skeletal collections: Hamann-Todd, Pretoria, St. Bride's, and Coimbra. An ordinal scoring method was developed for each of the three traits. Surface topography showed the strongest correlation with age, and composite scores (formed by summing the three separate trait scores) indicated progressive degeneration of the surface with increasing chronological age. Linear regression analyses were performed on the trait scores to produce pooled-sample age estimation equations. Blind tests of the composite score method and regression formulae on 56 individuals, aged 40+ years, from Christ Church Spitalfields, suggest accuracies of 96.4% for both methods. These preliminary results display the first evidence of the utility of the sternal end of the clavicle in aging older adult individuals. However, in the current format, these criteria should only be applied to individuals already identified as over 40 years in order to refine the age ranges used for advanced age. These findings do suggest the sternal end of the clavicle has potential to aid age estimates beyond the traditional "mature adult" age category (i.e., 46+ years), and provides several suggestions for future research

Relationship between body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and limb bone cross-sectional geometry: Implications for estimating body mass and physique from the skeleton.

OBJECTIVES: Estimating body mass from skeletal dimensions is widely practiced, but methods for estimating its components (lean and fat mass) are poorly developed. The ability to estimate these characteristics would offer new insights into the evolution of body composition and its variation relative to past and present health. This study investigates the potential of long bone cross-sectional properties as predictors of body, lean, and fat mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Humerus, femur and tibia midshaft cross-sectional properties were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in sample of young adult women (n = 105) characterized by a range of activity levels. Body composition was estimated from bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS: Lean mass correlated most strongly with both upper and lower limb bone properties (r values up to 0.74), while fat mass showed weak correlations (r ≤ 0.29). Estimation equations generated from tibial midshaft properties indicated that lean mass could be estimated relatively reliably, with some improvement using logged data and including bone length in the models (minimum standard error of estimate = 8.9%). Body mass prediction was less reliable and fat mass only poorly predicted (standard errors of estimate ≥11.9% and >33%, respectively). DISCUSSION: Lean mass can be predicted more reliably than body mass from limb bone cross-sectional properties. The results highlight the potential for studying evolutionary trends in lean mass from skeletal remains, and have implications for understanding the relationship between bone morphology and body mass or composition

Population genomics of the Viking world.

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent

Investigating farmers’ habits and opinions to design an appropriable sustainability diagnosis for Walloon field crop practices

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