Categorial L\'evy Processes

We generalize Franz' independence in tensor categories with inclusions from two morphisms (which represent generalized random variables) to arbitrary ordered families of morphisms. We will see that this only works consistently if the unit object is an initial object, in which case the inclusions can be defined starting from the tensor category alone. The obtained independence for morphisms is called categorial independence. We define categorial L\'evy processes on every tensor category with initial unit object and present a construction generalizing the reconstruction of a L\'evy process from its convolution semigroup via the Daniell-Kolmogorov theorem. Finally, we discuss examples showing that many known independences from algebra as well as from (noncommutative) probability are special cases of categorial independence.Comment: Changes in v2: Abstract and introduction extended. Background on tensor functors moved to Section 2. Example section extended and reorganized. References updated. Acknowledgements updated. (Some Enrivonment numbers have changed!

A Community of Psyches: Santayana on Society

Paper by John Lach

Some Reflections on the Contribution of the International Court of Justice to the Development of International Law

This article focuses on the ways in which the International Court of Justice influences international law

Review of \u3cem\u3eFreefall: America, Markets and the Sinking of the World Economy.\u3c/em\u3e Joseph E. Stiglitz. Reviewed by Helen Lachs Ginsburg.

Book review of Joseph E. Stiglitz, Freefall: America, Markets and the Sinking of the World Economy. New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton, 2010. $27.95 hardcover

Review of \u3cem\u3eSocial Security Works! Why Social Security Isn\u27t Going Broke & How Expanding It Will Help Us All\u3c/em\u3e. Nancy J. Altman & Eric R. Kingson. 135 Reviewed by Helen Lachs Ginsburg

Nancy J. Altman & Eric R. Kingson, Social Security Works! Why Social Security Isn\u27t Going Broke & How Expanding It Will Help Us All. New Press (2015), 320 pages, $16.95 (paperback)

Are we teaching our students what they need to know about ageing? Results from the National Survey of Undergraduate Teaching in Ageing and Geriatric Medicine

Introduction - Learning about ageing and the appropriate management of older patients is important for all doctors. This survey set out to evaluate what medical undergraduates in the UK are taught about ageing and geriatric medicine and how this teaching is delivered. Methods – An electronic questionnaire was developed and sent to the 28/31 UK medical schools which agreed to participate. Results – Full responses were received from 17 schools. 8/21 learning objectives were recorded as taught, and none were examined, across every school surveyed. Elder abuse and terminology and classification of health were taught in only 8/17 and 2/17 schools respectively. Pressure ulcers were taught about in 14/17 schools but taught formally in only 7 of these and examined in only 9. With regard to bio- and socio- gerontology, only 9/17 schools reported teaching in social ageing, 7/17 in cellular ageing and 9/17 in the physiology of ageing. Discussion – Even allowing for the suboptimal response rate, this study presents significant cause for concern with UK undergraduate education related to ageing. The failure to teach comprehensively on elder abuse and pressure sores, in particular, may be significantly to the detriment of older patients