Apego y ciber-violencia en la pareja de adolescentes

Cyber dating violence is a growing phenomenon affecting young people and adolescents (Borrajo, Gámez-Guadix, Pereda and Calvete, 2015) which may be modulated or precipitated by the predominant attachment style in a relationship (Rubio-Garay, Carrasco, Amor and López-González, 2015). Therefore, the objective of this research is to explore if there is a relationship between the type of adult attachment and the experience of cyber-violence in Mexican teenage dating relationships. Methodology. Quantitative and cross-sectional study with non-experimental and ex post facto design. Participants were 726 Mexican students (397 women and 329 men) aged 14-19 years (M =16.17, SD = 0.99). Results: Men suffered more control and direct aggression committed and suffered. No strong associations were found between cyber dating violence and adult attachment. Conclusions: Results pointed out the convenience of studying other forms of cyber-violence of the couple and their co-occurrence with other forms of violence, in order to promote or improve prevention programs based on new trends in behavior and affective relationships of adolescents and young people.La ciber-violencia de pareja es un creciente fenómeno que afecta a jóvenes y adolescentes (Borrajo, Gámez-Guadix, Pereda y Calvete, 2015) que puede estar precipitado o modulado por el estilo de apego predominante en una relación de pareja (Rubio-Garay, Carrasco, Amor y López-González, 2015). Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es explorar si existe una relación entre el tipo de apego adulto y la vivencia de ciber-violencia en relaciones de pareja de adolescentes mexicanos. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, con diseño no experimental y ex post facto. Participaron 726 estudiantes mexicanos (397 mujeres y 329 hombres), con edades entre los 14 y 19 años de edad (M= 16.17; DT= 0.99). Resultados: Los hombres señalaron mayores niveles de control sufrido y agresión directa, tanto cometida como sufrida. No se encontraron fuertes asociaciones entre la ciber-violencia de pareja con el apego adulto. Conclusiones: Se discuten los resultados y se señala la conveniencia del estudio de otras modalidades de ciber-violencia de pareja y su co-ocurrencia con otras formas de violencia, para favorecer la propuesta o mejora de programas de prevención basados en las nuevas tendencias de comportamiento y relaciones afectivas de adolescentes y jóvenes

Occupational Toluene Exposure Induces Cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Lymphocytes

Print workers are exposed to organic solvents, of which the systemic toxicant toluene is a main component. Toluene induces expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), an enzyme involved in its own metabolism and that of other protoxicants, including some procarcinogens. Therefore, we investigated the association between toluene exposure and the CYP2E1 response, as assessed by mRNA content in peripheral lymphocytes or the 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (6OH-CHZ)/chlorzoxazone (CHZ) quotient (known as CHZ metabolic ratio) in plasma, and the role of genotype (5′-flanking region RsaI/PstI polymorphic sites) in 97 male print workers. The geometric mean (GM) of toluene concentration in the air was 52.80 ppm (10–760 ppm); 54% of the study participants were exposed to toluene concentrations that exceeded the maximum permissible exposure level (MPEL). The GM of urinary hippuric acid at the end of a work shift (0.041 g/g creatinine) was elevated relative to that before the shift (0.027 g/g creatinine; p < 0.05). The GM of the CHZ metabolic ratio was 0.33 (0–9.3), with 40% of the subjects having ratios below the GM. However, the average CYP2E1 mRNA level in peripheral lymphocytes was 1.07 (0.30–3.08), and CYP2E1 mRNA levels within subjects correlated with the toluene exposure ratio (environmental toluene concentration:urinary hippuric acid concentration) (p = 0.014). Genotype did not alter the association between the toluene exposure ratio and mRNA content. In summary, with further validation, CYP2E1 mRNA content in peripheral lymphocytes could be a sensitive and noninvasive biomarker for the continuous monitoring of toluene effects in exposed persons

El aprendizaje basado en problemas y el desarrollo de competencias investigativas

This paper determines the results of a research in which an analysis of the methodology of problem-based learning and its impact on the development of research skills in university students of Portoviejo has been proposed. It is based on the importance of investigative skills as a fundamental part in the training of professionals ready to solve problems in their work environment with optimal performance and application of their knowledge, through the respective methodological procedures. The theoretical contributions of studies related to the methodology of problem-based learning and the development of investigative skills were taken into account. University students from Portoviejo were taken as study subjects. Data collection was carried out through a mixed quantitative and quantitative methodology, applying student surveys. The most relevant results indicate that it is necessary to strengthen teachers' knowledge of problem-based learning methodology for the development of investigative skills in students.&nbsp;En este trabajo se determina los resultados de una investigación en el que se ha planteado un análisis de la metodología del aprendizaje basado en problemas y su incidencia en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas en los estudiantes universitarios de Portoviejo. Se parte de la importancia de las competencias investigativas como parte fundamental en la formación de profesionales listos para solucionar problemáticas de su entorno laboral con un óptimo desempeño y aplicación de sus conocimientos, mediante los respectivos procedimientos metodológicos. Se tuvieron en cuenta los aportes teóricos de estudios relacionados con la metodología del aprendizaje basado en problemas y en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas. Se tomó como sujetos de estudio a estudiantes universitarios de Portoviejo. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una metodología mixta tanto cuantitativa como cuantitativa, aplicando encuestas a los estudiantes. Los resultados más relevantes indican que es necesario fortalecer el conocimiento de los docentes respecto de la metodología del aprendizaje basado en problemas para el desarrollo de competencias investigativas en los estudiantes

Trends of maxillofacial trauma : an update from the prospective register of a multicenter study in emergency services of Chile

Determine the behavior of the maxillofacial trauma of adults treated in 3 tertiary care centers in the central zone of Chile. Descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, based on the prospective records of maxillofacial trauma cases attended between May 2016 and April 2017 by dental and maxillofacial clinical teams of Adult Emergency Units of hospitals Dr. Sótero del Río (metropolitan region), Carlos Van Buren and Dr. Gustavo Fricke (region V). Age, sex, date of occurrence, type of trauma according to ICD-10, etiology, legal medical prognosis and associated injuries were recorded, stratifying by sex and age. Chi square and unpaired Wilcoxon tests were used to compare by groups. 2.485 cases and 3.285 injuries were investigated. The male: female ratio was 1.7: 1 with age under 30 predominant, followed by older adults. Variability was observed in the yearly, weekly and daily presentation. The highest frequencies were in January and September, weekends and at night. The main etiologies were violence (42.3%), falls (13.1%) and road traffic crashes (12.9%) with differences by age and sex (p<0.05). 31,9% of the injuries occurred in hard tissue, being fractures in nasal bones predominant (S02.2). The profile of the maxillofacial trauma in Chile seems to be mixed by age, affecting young people and the elderly. The male sex predominates; the main cause, which varies by age group, is violence. Their surveillance is possible from hospital emergency records

Educación inclusiva: Aportes desde el saber pedagógico para la educación del siglo XXI

134 páginas. Libro ElectrónicoDesde la edad antigua hasta la época contemporánea la escuela ha tenido numerosos cambios, hasta llegar a los objetivos y propósitos que se contemplan para la educación de las personas que pueden acceder a ella; en su mayoría, menores de edad. En el recuento histórico que presenta Salas (2012), se ve cómo la educación estuvo limitada por la estratificación social, las condiciones sociales y en ocasiones, por las condiciones físicas de las personas; posteriormente, en la época moderna –luego del siglo XIX– se evidencia una apertura de la educación sin distinción de clases, o por lo menos es lo que se comienza a promover con el advenimiento de modelos educativos, económicos y de organización política que actualmente se dan en diferentes países. Una pregunta importante para que se plantee, querido lector, es si, ¿verdaderamente hemos roto las barreras de la educación?Primera edició

PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

Hoy en día es imprescindible abordar el problema de los derechos desde una perspectiva holística que integre la posición que el individuo ocupa en la sociedad y el impacto de los hechos sociales sobre su persona. Esta perspectiva va por lo tanto más allá del enfoque clásico de las violaciones a los derechos civiles y políticos de los ciudadanos sino, también incluye sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Cualquier enfoque de tipo holístico debe entender al ser humano en su ambiente, social, cultural, natural y en función a todas las estructuras existentes, por más sutiles que sean o invisibles que parezcan. Precisamente este libro permite apreciar la dimensión amplia y compleja del ser en sociedad y las interacciones que de ambas partes se generan y las ramificaciones que producen. No es un ejercicio fácil y los editores de este volumen han logrado un salto cuántico al poder congregar en un solo espacio miradas que en otras circunstancias podrían haber sido opuestas y hasta contrarias a nuestra comprensión de problemas que, en efecto, tienen raíces comunes. El libro está dividido en 5 secciones, El espíritu de los tiempos actuales y los Derechos Humanos, Construcción ciudadana y ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos, Violaciones a Derechos Humanos, victimizaciones y su atención, Ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos y situaciones disruptivas y Defensa y defensores de Derechos Humanos.Manuel Gutiérrez Romero Jessica Ruiz Magañ

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Latin American study of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer LACAM : a genomic epidemiology approach

Q2Q1Artículo original1-13Purpose: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is responsible for ~5–10% of all diagnosed breast and ovarian cancers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Latin America (LA). The main objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the genomic epidemiology of HBOC throughout the establishment of The Latin American consortium for HBOC-LACAM, consisting of specialists from 5 countries in LA and the description of the genomic results from the first phase of the study. Methods: We have recruited 403 individuals that fulfilled the criteria for HBOC from 11 health institutions of Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru. A pilot cohort of 222 individuals was analyzed by NGS gene panels. One hundred forty-three genes were selected on the basis of their putative role in susceptibility to different hereditary cancers. Libraries were sequenced in MiSeq (Illumina, Inc.) and PGM (Ion Torrent-Thermo Fisher Scientific) platforms. Results: The overall prevalence of pathogenic variants was 17% (38/222); the distribution spanned 14 genes and varied by country. The highest relative prevalence of pathogenic variants was found in patients from Argentina (25%, 14/57), followed by Mexico (18%, 12/68), Guatemala (16%, 3/19), and Colombia (13%, 10/78). Pathogenic variants were found in BRCA1 (20%) and BRCA2 (29%) genes. Pathogenic variants were found in other 12 genes, including high and moderate risk genes such as MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, and PALB2. Additional pathogenic variants were found in HBOC unrelated genes such as DCLRE1C, WRN, PDE11A, and PDGFB. Conclusion: In this first phase of the project, we recruited 403 individuals and evaluated the germline genetic alterations in an initial cohort of 222 patients among 4 countries. Our data show for the first time in LA the distribution of pathogenic variants in a broad set of cancer susceptibility genes in HBOC. Even though we used extended gene panels, there was still a high proportion of patients without any detectable pathogenic variant, which emphasizes the larger, unexplored genetic nature of the disease in these populations

Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 7

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 7, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones