Electron detachment from negative ions in bichromatic laser field

Negative ion detachment in two-colour laser field is considered within the recent modification of Keldysh model which makes it quantitatively reliable. The general approach is illustrated by calculation of angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates for H$^-$ ion in bichromatic field with 1:2 frequency ratio. Both perturbative and strong field regimes are examined. Polar asymmetry and phase effects are quantitatively characterized with some new features revealed. Phase effects are found to result in a huge anisotropy factor $\sim 10^3$ in the electron angular distribution in the perturbative regime.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures in separate files which are not incorporated in the latex file of the pape

Following the ESG principles as sustainable development factor of foreign economic activity of the Vladimir region

The work is devoted to establishing a correlation between the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of the Russian region and the adherence of economic entities to the ESG principle. The international community recognizes that the most important goal today is the socio-economic development of territories while minimizing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. Today it is important that all types of economic activity are aimed at improving the quality of life. Therefore, there is an active development and popularization of business activity concepts aimed not only at achieving financial indicators, but also creating conditions for social justice, environmental safety and cleanliness of doing business. The paper analyses the importance of following the principles of sustainable development to maximize the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of Russian regions and attract foreign investment to certain territories of the country

The distribution of extremal points of Gaussian scalar fields

We consider the signed density of the extremal points of (two-dimensional) scalar fields with a Gaussian distribution. We assign a positive unit charge to the maxima and minima of the function and a negative one to its saddles. At first, we compute the average density for a field in half-space with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Then we calculate the charge-charge correlation function (without boundary). We apply the general results to random waves and random surfaces. Furthermore, we find a generating functional for the two-point function. Its Legendre transform is the integral over the scalar curvature of a 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, corrected published versio

Adiabatic Theory of Electron Detachment from Negative Ions in Two-Color Laser Field

Negative ion detachment in bichromatic laser field is considered within the adiabatic theory. The latter represents a recent modification of the famous Keldysh model for multiphoton ionization which makes it quantitatively reliable. We calculate angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates for the Hydrogen ion in a bichromatic field with 1:3 frequency ratio and various phase differences. Reliability of the present, extremely simple approach is testified by comparison with much more elaborate earlier calculations.Comment: 22 pages, 6 Postscript figure

Interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome: a modern view of a problem

The review of domestic and foreign literary sources for 2002-2014 made it possible to deepen into the problem of interstitial cystitis and put together different points of view and also to systematize the store of knowledge. Interstitial cystitis is a complex disease with marked clinical manifestation and defeat of urinary bladder with varying severity. For the purpose of diagnostics and treatment optimization of the disease in point in the review they presented the criteria whose existence will make it possible to make the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. The multifactorial etiology of the disease requires the multiplane causal and pathogenetic therapy but more often empirical and symptomatic In the article describe the algorithm of treatment of patients with the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis

ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОГРАМ КАРДІОРЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ЗГІДНО З МІЖНАРОДНИМ ДОСВІДОМ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to occupy the first place among the causes of mortality of the working-age population, and their prevalence is higher in low- and middle-income countries. Due to the limited financial resources of these countries, there is a need for rational allocation of funds allocated for health care. Preventive cardiology and cardiac rehabilitation (CR) acquire of particular importance in these conditions. The aim – to review the scientific literature on the economic efficiency and organizational aspects of the implementation of the CR programs in countries with different income levels, to propose a model for Ukraine. Material and Methods. The review of the literature on a selected topic in the MEDLINE database and on official electronic resources of international associations of cardiologists, physicians of physical and rehabilitation medicine was conducted. The search was conducted by keywords: cardiac rehabilitation, cardiorehabilitation, cardiovascular rehabilitation, low/middle income country, core components, models, benefit, effectiveness, economic effectiveness. Results and Conclusion. The article analyzes the effectiveness and describes the features of the organization of the CR in countries with different income levels. Based on the review of the literature, conclusions were drawn on possible ways of development and a model of the organization of the CR in Ukraine was proposed. The use of alternative CR models can increase its accessibility for the majority of the population of Ukraine, improve the quality of life and reduce the mortality from CVD.Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) продолжают занимать первое место среди причин смерт­ности трудоспособного населения, а их распространенность выше в странах с низким и средним уровнями дохода. В связи с ограниченными финансовыми ресурсами этих стран, возникает необходимость рационального распре­деления средств, выделенных на здравоохранение. Особенное значение в этих условиях приобретают превен­тивная кардиология и кардиореабилитация (КР). Цель – провести обзор научной литературы, посвященной экономической эффективности и организационным аспектам реализации программ КР в странах с разным уровнем доходов; предложить модель для Украины. Материал и методы. Проведен обзор литературы по избранной теме в наукометрической базе данных MEDLINE и на официальных электронных ресурсах международных объединений кардиологов, врачей физи­ческой и реабилитационной медицины. Поиск проведен по ключевым словам: cardiac rehabilitation, cardioreha­bilitation, cardiovascular rehabilitation, low/middle income country, core components, models, benefit, effectiveness, economic effectiveness. Результаты и выводы. В статье проанализирована эффективность и описаны особенности организации КР в странах с разным уровнем доходов. На основании обзора литературы сделаны выводы о возможных путях развития и предложена модель организации КР в Украине. Использование альтернативных моделей КР может повысить её доступность для большинства населения Украины, улучшить качество жизни и снизить смертность от ССЗ.Серцево-судинні захворювання (ССЗ) продовжують займати перше місце серед причин смертності праце­здатного населення, а їх поширеність вища в країнах з низьким та середнім рівнями доходу. В зв’язку з обмеженими фінансовими ресурсами цих країн виникає необхідність раціонального розподілу коштів, виділених на охорону здоров’я. Особливого значення в цих умовах набувають превентивна кардіологія та кардіореабілітація (КР). Мета – провести огляд наукової літератури, присвяченої економічній ефективності та організаційним аспектам реалізації програм КР у країнах з різним рівнем доходів; запропонувати модель КР для України. Матеріал і методи. Проведено огляд літератури з обраної теми в наукометричній базі даних MEDLINE та на офіційних електронних ресурсах міжнародних об’єднань кардіологів, лікарів фізичної та реабілітаційної медицини. Пошук проведено за ключовими словами: cardiac rehabilitation, cardiorehabilitation, cardiovascular rehabilitation, low/middle income country, core components, models, benefit, effectiveness, economic effectiveness. Результати і висновки. У статті проаналізовано ефективність та описано особливості організації КР у країнах з різним рівнем доходів. На основі огляду літератури зроблені висновки щодо можливих шляхів розвитку та запропонована модель організації КР в Україні. Використання альтернативних моделей КР може підвищити її доступність для більшості населення України, а, отже, покращити якість життя та знизити смертність від ССЗ

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors

Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sNN= 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB> 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter

Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms

In this article, we review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. We begin by describing the pioneering work of Macaluso and Corbino over a century ago on linear magneto-optical effects (in which the properties of the medium do not depend on the light power) in the vicinity of atomic resonances, and contrast these effects with various nonlinear magneto-optical phenomena that have been studied both theoretically and experimentally since the late 1960s. In recent years, the field of nonlinear magneto-optics has experienced a revival of interest that has led to a number of developments, including the observation of ultra-narrow (1-Hz) magneto-optical resonances, applications in sensitive magnetometry, nonlinear magneto-optical tomography, and the possibility of a search for parity- and time-reversal-invariance violation in atoms.Comment: 51 pages, 23 figures, to appear in Rev. Mod. Phys. in Oct. 2002, Figure added, typos corrected, text edited for clarit