Contextualization Of The Hadith Meaning About Work Ethics During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic limits people’s mobility and causes economic decline. To cope with the problem, the government has issued the pre-employment cards but still insufficient to increase people’s incomes. This study aims to prove the contextualization of the meaning of hadith on work ethics during the pandemic using maudhū’i technique. The research is focusing on one hadith narrated by Ahmad bin Hanbal, since this hadith is the most relevant to the pandemic case. The quality of the hadith is analyzed descriptively based on the hadith book. The study found that the work ethic hadith narrated by Ahmad bin Hanbal is valid because it fulfills the continuity of his sanad and narrators 'adil and al-dlabt. The meaning contained in the hadith which is the focus of the study in this paper emphasizes the nobility of people who use their own hands and abilities to work so that they can provide a spirit for the Muslim ummah to continue working to support their families even during the Covid-19 pandemic.Pandemi covid-19 telah membuat ruang gerak masyarakat menjadi terbatas sehingga menyebabkan ekonomi masyarakat mengalami penurunan. Upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam bentuk kartu Pra Kerja dianggap tidak mampu menyelesaikan masalah secara keseluruhan. Masyarakat tidak bisa seterusnya berpangku tangan karena dalam Islam diwajibkan untuk bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan kontekstualisasi makna hadis tentang etos kerja dimasa pandemi covid-19. Penulis melakukan penelitian dalam bentuk literatur review dengan teknik maudhui terhadap hadis-hadis yang berkaitan dengan etos kerja. Penulis hanya membatasi pada satu hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Ahmad bin Hanbal dengan pertimbangan bahwa hadis tersebut yang paling relevan dengan etos kerja dimasa pandemi covid-19. Hadis tersebut dianalisis kualitasnya secara deskriptif berdasarkan kitab hadis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa hadis etos kerja yang diriwayatkan Ahmad bin Hanbal berkualitas sahih karena memenuhi ketersambungan sanad dan periwayatnya ‘adul dan al-dabt. Makna yang terkandung dalam hadis yang menjadi fokus kajian dalam tulisan ini mempertegas tentang mulianya orang yang menggunakan tangan dan kemampuannya sendiri untuk bekerja sehingga dapat memberikan spirit untuk para ummat muslim untuk tetap bekerja menghidupi keluargnya meskipun dimasa pandemi covid-19

Pengolahan Air Limbah Tekstil Melalui Proses Koagulasi – Flokulasi Dengan Menggunakan Lempung Sebagai Penyumbang Partikel Tersuspensi (Studi Kasus: Banaran, Sukoharjo Dan Lawean, Kerto Suro, Jawa Tengah)

Airtanah dangkal di Banaran Sukoharjo dan Lawean Kerto Suro, Jawa Tengah, telah tercemar zat organik yang ditandai dengan tingginya kandungan COD. Kandungan COD dalam airtanah berkisar antara 10 mg/L sampai 150 mg/L. Salah satu penyebab tingginya COD adalah pembuangan air limbah dari industri tekstil tanpa pengolahan ke lingkungan yang kemudian bergerak hingga mencapai airtanah. Pengolahan air limbah sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan merupakan cara yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sistem batch melalui proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Percobaan diawali dengan penambahan kaporit dan kapur untuk menurunkan intensitas warna, kemudian tanah lempung untuk menaikkan kandungan partikel tersuspensi, dan penambahan tawas sebagai koagulan. Penambahan 2 gram kaporit; 0,3 gram kapur; 1 gram lempung; dan 1 gram tawas ke dalam 500 ml air limbah, pada pengadukan 200 rpm selama 2 menit, berhasil menurunkan COD sebesar 79% yakni dari 615 mg/L menjadi 130 mg/L, dan warna sebesar 99% yakni dari 7000 PCU menjadi 45 PCU. Penurunan COD dan warna pada air limbah akan meminimalkan dan mencegah terjadinya pencemaran airtanah, karena kandungan COD 130 mg/L telah memenuhi baku mutu limbah. Warna belum tercantum dalam bakumutu limbah, namun dengan kondisi air limbah yang sudah tidak berwarna maka limbah telah memenuhi syarat dari segi estetika

A Macroscopic Description of Coherent Geo-Magnetic Radiation from Cosmic Ray Air Showers

We have developed a macroscopic description of coherent electro-magnetic radiation from air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays due to the presence of the geo-magnetic field. This description offers a simple and direct insight in the relation between the properties of the air shower and the time-structure of the radio pulse.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; submitted to Astroparticle Physic

Emerging giant resonant exciton induced by Ta-substitution in anatase TiO2_{2}: a tunable correlation effect

Titanium dioxide (TiO$_2$) has rich physical properties with potential implications in both fundamental physics and new applications. Up-to-date, the main focus of applied research is to tune its optical properties, which is usually done via doping and/or nano-engineering. However, understanding the role of $d$-electrons in materials and possible functionalization of $d$-electron properties are still major challenges. Herewith, within a combination of an innovative experimental technique, high energy optical conductivity, and of the state-of-the-art {\it ab initio} electronic structure calculations, we report an emerging, novel resonant exciton in the deep ultraviolet region of the optical response. The resonant exciton evolves upon low concentration Ta-substitution in anatase TiO$_{2}$ films. It is surprisingly robust and related to strong electron-electron and electron-hole interactions. The $d$- and $f$- orbitals localization, due to Ta-substitution, plays an unexpected role, activating strong electronic correlations and dominating the optical response under photoexcitation. Our results shed light on a new optical phenomenon in anatase TiO$_{2}$ films and on the possibility of tuning electronic properties by Ta substitution

HIDROGEOLOGI DAN POTENSI CADANGAN AIRTANAH DI DATARAN RENDAH INDRAMAYU

Potensi airtanah pada suatu cekungan tidak terlepas dari kondisi hidrogeologi di wilayah itu sendiri. Cekungan airtanah Indramayu, yang berada di pesisir utara Jawa Barat, hingga kini belum diketahui secara pasti potensi cadangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi cadangan  air tanah berdasarkan rekonstruksi hidrogeologi data bor. Hasil interpretasi hidrogeologi menunjukkan bahwa litologi akuifer didominasi oleh endapan lempung dengan sisipan lanau, sedikit pasir halus di bagian atas, endapan lempung marin dengan sisipan lanau, dan pasir halus di bagian bawah. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan prediksi cadangan airtanah yang cukup potensial. Nilai rata – rata potensi airtanah bebas adalah 65.213,8 m3/hari atau 0,754 m3/det. Nilai rata – rata potensi airtanah tertekan adalah 79.557,1 m3/hari atau 0,920 m3/det. Tetapi kualitas airtanah di wilayah Losarang – Lobener – Pasekan – Sindang sebagian besar payau dan memiliki nilai DHL yang tinggi, berkisar antara 4710 – 11400 µs/cm.The groundwater potential of a basin depends on the hydrogeology of the area. Indramayu groundwater basin is located at the north coast of Java Island. Its reserves potential was not identified despite its importance. The objective of this research was to understand the potential of groundwater reserves based on hydrogeological reconstruction from drilling data analysis. The results of the hydrogeology interpretation had indicated that the aquifers lithology are dominated by clay deposits with silt layering, slightly fine sand at the top, marine clay deposits with silt inserts, and fine sand at the bottom. The calculation results had indicated a good potential of groundwater reserves. The mean value of the unconfined groundwater is 65,213.8 m3/day or 0.754 m3/sec. The mean value of the confined groundwater is 79,557.1 m3/day or 0.920 m3/sec. However, groundwater supply potential is not supported by the quality. The groundwater in Losarang - Lobener – Pasekan-Sindang area is brackish and has a high DHL value (4710 – 11400 µs/cm)

Two-step stabilization of orbital order and the dynamical frustration of spin in the model charge-transfer insulator KCuF3

We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of KCuF3, which offers - because of this material's relatively simple lattice structure and valence configuration (d9, i.e., one hole in the d-shell) - a particularly clear view of the essential role of the orbital degree of freedom in governing the dynamical coupling between the spin and lattice degrees of freedom. We present Raman and x-ray scattering evidence that the phase behaviour of KCuF3 is dominated above the Neel temperature (T_N = 40 K) by coupled orbital/lattice fluctuations that are likely associated with rotations of the CuF6 octahedra, and we show that these orbital fluctuations are interrupted by a static structural distortion that occurs just above T_N. A detailed model of the orbital and magnetic phases of KCuF3 reveals that these orbital fluctuations - and the related frustration of in-plane spin-order-are associated with the presence of nearly degenerate low-energy spin-orbital states that are highly susceptible to thermal fluctuations over a wide range of temperatures. A striking implication of these results is that the ground state of KCuF3 at ambient pressure lies near a quantum critical point associated with an orbital/spin liquid phase that is obscured by emergent Neel ordering of the spins; this exotic liquid phase might be accessible via pressure studies.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Microscopic mechanisms of spin-dependent electric polarization in 3d oxides

We present a short critical overview of different microscopic models for nonrelativistic and relativistic magnetoelectric coupling including the so-called "spin current scenario", ab-initio calculations, and several recent microscopic approaches to a spin-dependent electric polarization in 3d oxides.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

The ANTARES Optical Beacon System

ANTARES is a neutrino telescope being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of a three dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes that can detect the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles produced in the interactions of neutrinos with the surrounding medium. High angular resolution can be achieved, in particular when a muon is produced, provided that the Cherenkov photons are detected with sufficient timing precision. Considerations of the intrinsic time uncertainties stemming from the transit time spread in the photomultiplier tubes and the mechanism of transmission of light in sea water lead to the conclusion that a relative time accuracy of the order of 0.5 ns is desirable. Accordingly, different time calibration systems have been developed for the ANTARES telescope. In this article, a system based on Optical Beacons, a set of external and well-controlled pulsed light sources located throughout the detector, is described. This calibration system takes into account the optical properties of sea water, which is used as the detection volume of the ANTARES telescope. The design, tests, construction and first results of the two types of beacons, LED and laser-based, are presented.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. Phys. Res.