O Sistema é Japonês, a Fábrica é Francesa e a Cultura Local é Brasileira: O Patrão Ficou Maluco?

A compreensão do contexto cultural da organização é essencial na viabilização de abordagens gerenciais transformadoras, como a adoção da produção enxuta em um ambiente brasileiro. Para investigar como diferentes orientações culturais, notadamente a local, brasileira, influenciam a implantação do Sistema Toyota de Produção (STP), buscou-se apresentar os conceitos e princípios essenciais do sistema, articular diferentes orientações temporais, e descrever os principais traços culturais brasileiros. Como metodologia, foi realizado um estudo de caso de uma fábrica de embarcações para lazer de um grupo francês, instalada no Rio de Janeiro, com entrevistas a três funcionários – um diretor, um gerente e um operador. Os resultados refletem a interação entre as três culturas na fábrica – a local (brasileira), a de origem da empresa (francesa), e a do sistema de produção adotado (japonesa) – mostrando que há traços culturais locais favoráveis à adoção do sistema, como a plasticidade e a adaptabilidade, e desfavoráveis, como a relação com a hierarquia e com o tempo. Surgem também traços ambíguos nessas relações, como o jeitinho e a orientação para as pessoas. Assim, as conclusões desta pesquisa apontam traços analisados da cultura brasileira local como fatores impactantes para a adoção da produção enxuta na fábrica estudada

Caracterização das fraturas do úmero diafisário tratadas cirurgicamente

The humerus constitutes one of the four long bones of the human skeleton. Diaphyseal humerus fractures correspond to 3-5% of fractures in general and about 1.6% of total fractures in the pediatric population. In order to characterize the diaphyseal humerus fractures treated surgically. A descriptive, retrospective observational study was performed in patients operated for diaphyseal humerus fractures in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of the "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" Hospital in Bayamo, from February 2017 to February 2019. Selecting as sample 35 of 56 patients operated according to inclusion criteria. The age group with the highest number of cases was 36 to 45 years, followed by 46 to 55 years, for 34, 29% and 25, 71% respectively. Middle third fractures were the most frequent with 16 cases for 45, 71%. The most used osteosynthesis material was the sheets and screws in 21 patients for 60%, and wound sepsis was the most frequent complication with 5 cases, followed by pseudoatrosis with 3. The largest number of cases of diaphyseal fractures of humero is between the ages of 36 and 55, the male sex predominates. The simple fracture line was the most frequent, the transversal being the most represented. The use of sheets and screws was the most used osteosynthesis method. Infection of the surgical wound and pseudoarthrosis were the complications with the highest rate of occurrence.El húmero constituye uno de los cuatro huesos largos del esqueleto humano. Las fracturas de húmero diafisiarias corresponden al 3-5% de las fracturas en general ya cerca del 1.6% del total de las fracturas en la población pediátrica. Con el objetivo de caracterizar las fracturas diafisarias de húmero tratadas quirúrgicamente. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo en pacientes operados por fracturas diafisarias de húmero en el servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” de Bayamo, desde febrero 2017 a febrero 2019. Seleccionando como muestra 35 de 56 pacientes operados según criterios de inclusión. El grupo etario con mayor número de casos fue de 36 a 45 años, seguido de 46 a 55 años, para un 34, 29% y un 25, 71 % respectivamente. Las fracturas del tercio medio fueron las más frecuentes con 16 casos para un 45, 71%. El material de osteosíntesis más utilizado fueron las láminas y tornillos en 21 pacientes para un 60%, y la sepsis de la herida fue la complicación más frecuente con 5 casos, seguida de la pseudoatrosis con 3. El mayor número de caso de fracturas diafisarias de humero está entre los 36 y 55 años predominando el sexo masculino. El trazo de fractura simple fue el más frecuente, siendo el transversal el más representado. El uso de láminas y tornillos fue el método de osteosíntesis más utilizado. La infección de la herida quirúrgica y la pseudoartrosis fueron las complicaciones con mayor índice de aparición.O úmero constitui um dos quatro ossos longos do esqueleto humano. As fraturas do úmero diafisário correspondem a 3-5% das fraturas em geral e cerca de 1,6% do total de fraturas na população pediátrica. Para caracterizar as fraturas do úmero diafisário tratadas cirurgicamente. Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo descritivo em pacientes operados por fraturas do úmero diafisário no Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" em Bayamo, no período de fevereiro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2019. Selecionando como amostra 35 de 56 pacientes operados de acordo com critérios de inclusão A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi de 36 a 45 anos, seguida de 46 a 55 anos, para 34, 29% e 25, 71%, respectivamente. As fraturas do terço médio foram as mais frequentes, com 16 casos em 45, 71%. O material de osteossíntese mais utilizado foram as lâminas e parafusos em 21 pacientes em 60%, sendo a sepse da ferida a complicação mais frequente em 5 casos, seguida de pseudoatrosis com 3. O maior número de casos de fraturas diafisárias de humero tem entre 36 e 55 anos, o sexo masculino predomina. A linha de fratura simples foi a mais frequente, sendo a transversal a mais representada. O uso de chapas e parafusos foi o método de osteossíntese mais utilizado. Infecção da ferida operatória e pseudoartrose foram as complicações com maior taxa de ocorrência

role of female sex hormone receptors

Funding Information: Funding: This study was supported by grant IECT-FAPEMA-05796/18 and FAPEMA IECT 30/2018-IECT Saúde, by the Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (project no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2017); by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI—Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Program, and national funds by FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under projects UID/AGR/04033/2020, UIDB/CVT/00772/2020 and by Base Funding-UIDB/00511/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology, and Energy—LEPABE—funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PID-DAC); Project 2SMART-engineered Smart materials for Smart citizens, with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000054, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.A growing proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). For reasons that remain largely unknown, HPV+OPSCC is significantly more common in men than in women. This study aims to determine the incidence of OPSCC in male and female HPV16-transgenic mice and to explore the role of female sex hormone receptors in the sexual predisposition for HPV+ OPSCC. The tongues of 30-weeks-old HPV16-transgenic male (n = 80) and female (n = 90) and matched wild-type male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) FVB/n mice were screened histologically for intraepithelial and invasive lesions in 2017 at the Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Por-tugal. Expression of estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), progesterone receptors (PR) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was studied immunohistochemically. Collagen remodeling was studied using picrosirius red. Female mice showed robust ERα and ERβ expression in intraepithelial and invasive lesions, which was accompanied by strong MMP2 expression and marked collagen remodeling. Male mice showed minimal ERα, ERβ and MMP2 expression and unaltered collagen patterns. These results confirm the association of HPV16 with tongue base cancer in both sexes. The higher cancer incidence in female versus male mice contrasts with data from OPSCC patients and is associated with enhanced ER expression via MMP2 upregulation.publishersversionpublishe

Ética profesional en educación superior : finalidades, estrategias y desafíos de la formación

Todo proyecto educativo que no responde a su época se expone a problemas de legitimidad y al duro escrutinio y sanción de los usuarios. Las instituciones de educación superior no son la excepción de esta premisa clásica, incluso más validada por eldinamismos, la versatilidad y ojo crítico en el mundo contemporáneo. La ética se ha convertido en el baremo principal para someter a juicio a las instituciones y a las personas que ahí actuan, como a las finalidades que se pretenden en sus acciones. En esta perspectiva, debe examinarse la función de las instituciones de educación superior.Este libro es el esfuerzo colectivo por acercarnos a esa problemática, en especial a las finalidades, estrategias y relaciones en juego para cumplir la tarea de la formación y sus nexos inevitables con la ética profesional

HARMONIZAÇÃO OROFACIAL NA ACADEMIA: UM OLHAR SOBRE O CONHECIMENTO DE DOCENTES E DISCENTES DE ODONTOLOGIA

The present study aimstoanalyzethecurrentstateofknowledgeofdentistrystudentsandteachers in relationto orofacial harmonizationandinvestigatetheintegrationof this specialtyintothe curricular structuresofundergraduateandpostgraduatecourses. To this end, anintegrative review wascarried out with a qualitative approach ofanexploratory nature. Tosurveyarticles in theliterature, a searchwascarried out in thefollowingdatabases: 1) Virtual Health Library; 2) CAPES Journaland 3) Google Scholar. The analysisoftheselectedstudies, in relationtotheresearch design, wasbasedonPolit, Beck andHunglerandLoBiondo-Wood and Haber, andboththeanalysisandsynthesisof data extracted from thearticleswerecarried out in a descriptiveway, enabling observe, count, describeandclassifythe data, with theaimofgatheringtheknowledgeproducedonthetopicexplored in the review. Regardingtheresults, thesearch in thedatabasesidentified 4317 articles: 10 capturedby VHL, 06 by Capes and 4333 by Google Scholar. Afteranalyzingtitlesand abstracts, 128 articleswereselected for reading in full. Basedontheinclusionandexclusioncriteriaofthepresent study, 07 articleswereselected for the final sample. In viewof this, this study highlightsthegrowingimportanceof Orofacial Harmonization (HOF) in dentistry, approaching formal recognition as a specialty in 2019. Despite this progress, there are challenges in theknowledgeoflegislationonthepartofteachersandstudents, highlightingtheurgentneed for training for ethicalpractice. The researchreveals a positive perceptionabouttheinclusionof HOF in the curricular matrix, emphasizing its relevance in academic training. The training ofdentistsat HOF is crucial toguaranteethequalityandsafetyofaestheticandfunctional procedures. The inclusionofspecific disciplines sincegraduation prepares professionals for anintegrated approach to oral health. The study recognizeslimitations, suggestingthat future research explore theimpactofincluding HOF in curriculaandintegratingethicaland legal knowledge. In conclusion, it highlightstheneed for educationalandregulatorymeasurestostrengthentheethicaland legal practiceof HOF in dentistry.O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o estado atual do conhecimento dos discentes e docentes de odontologia em relação à harmonização orofacial e investigar a integração dessa especialidade nas estruturas curriculares dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa com abordagem qualitativa de natureza exploratória. Para o levantamento dos artigos na literatura, realizou-se uma busca nas seguintes bases de dados: 1) Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; 2) Periódico CAPES e 3) Google Acadêmico. A análise dos estudos selecionados, em relação ao delineamento de pesquisa, pautou-se em Polit, Beck e Hunglere LoBiondo-Wood e Haber, sendo que tanto a análise quanto a síntese dos dados extraídos dos artigos foram realizadas de forma descritiva, possibilitando observar, contar, descrever e classificar os dados, com o intuito de reunir o conhecimento produzido sobre o tema explorado na revisão. Com relação aos resultados, a busca nas bases de dados identificou 4317 artigos: 10 capturados pela BVS, 06 pela Capes e 4333 pelo Google Acadêmico. Após a análise de títulos e resumos, 128 artigos foram selecionados para a leitura na integra. Com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão do presente estudo foram selecionados 07 artigos para a amostra final. Diante disso, este estudo destaca a importância crescente da Harmonização Orofacial (HOF) na odontologia, abordando o reconhecimento formal como especialidade em 2019. Apesar desse avanço, há desafios no conhecimento das legislações por parte de docentes e discentes, evidenciando a necessidade urgente de capacitação para uma prática ética. A pesquisa revela a percepção positiva sobre a inclusão da HOF na matriz curricular, enfatizando sua relevância na formação acadêmica. A capacitação dos dentistas na HOF é crucial para garantir a qualidade e segurança dos procedimentos estéticos e funcionais. A inclusão de disciplinas específicas desde a graduação prepara os profissionais para uma abordagem integrada na saúde bucal. O estudo reconhece limitações, sugerindo que futuras pesquisas explorem o impacto da inclusão da HOF nas grades curriculares e integração de conhecimentos éticos e legais. Em conclusão, destaca a necessidade de medidas educacionais e regulatórias para fortalecer a prática ética e legal da HOF na odontologia

PROT-OVT: Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Territorio do Oeste e Vale do Tejo

Os princípios, objectivos e orientações consagrados no Programa Nacional da Política de Ordenamento do Território (PNPOT), aprovado pela Lei n.º 58/2007, de 4 de Setembro, são desenvolvidos nos vários planos regionais de ordenamento do território (PROT) que, por sua vez, constituem um quadro de referência estratégico para os planos directores municipais (PDM). No processo de elaboração e revisão articulada destes três pilares fundamentais do sistema de gestão territorial, em que assenta a política de ordenamento do território e do urbanismo, cabe aos PROT uma posição de charneira fundamental. O significado e as potencialidades dos PROT são ainda significativamente ampliados pela articulação com a revisão dos PDM. Face a uma nova geração de PDM, que se pretendem mais estratégicos, os PROT fornecem um quadro de referência estratégica de longo prazo que permite aos municípios estabelecerem as suas opções de desenvolvimento e definirem regras de gestão territorial compatíveis com o modelo consagrado para a região. Os PROT, além de um pilar da política de desenvolvimento territorial, são documentos fundamentais para a definição dos programas de acção das intervenções co-financiadas pelos Fundos Estruturais e de Coesão da União Europeia. Os PROT são instrumentos de desenvolvimento territorial e de natureza estratégica. Em matéria de conteúdo, estabelecem a estrutura regional do sistema urbano, das redes de infra‑estruturas e dos equipamentos de interesse regional e definem os objectivos e princípios quanto à localização das actividades e os grandes investimentos públicos; as suas normas fixam o quadro estratégico, as orientações de carácter genérico e as directrizes para o ordenamento do território regional. O PROT do Oeste e Vale do Tejo (PROT OVT) visa, neste contexto, a espacialização de estratégias de desenvolvimento territorial nos territórios das NUTS III do Oeste, Médio Tejo e Lezíria do Tejo. Por isso, ocupa, entre o nível nacional e o nível municipal, uma posição chave para a definição das estratégias e das opções de desenvolvimento e de ordenamento regional. O PROT OVT é pois um instrumento privilegiado para promover a reflexão estratégica do desenvolvimento do Oeste e do Vale do Tejo e acolher a tomada de decisão quanto às opções de desenvolvimento territorial [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aproximación multidisciplinar a la supervisión del practicum en las carreras de educación, medicina, odontología, informática, comunicación y documentación

Memoria ID-035. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Identification of eight novel proteasome variants in five unrelated cases of proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS)

Mutations in genes coding for proteasome subunits and/or proteasome assembly helpers typically cause recurring autoinflammation referred to as chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperatures (CANDLE) or proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (PRAAS). Patients with CANDLE/PRAAS present with mostly chronically elevated type I interferon scores that emerge as a consequence of increased proteotoxic stress by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here, we report on five unrelated patients with CANDLE/PRAAS carrying novel inherited proteasome missense and/or nonsense variants. Four patients were compound heterozygous for novel pathogenic variants in the known CANDLE/PRAAS associated genes, PSMB8 and PSMB10, whereas one patient showed additive loss-of-function mutations in PSMB8. Variants in two previously not associated proteasome genes, PSMA5 and PSMC5, were found in a patient who also carried the PSMB8 founder mutation, p.T75M. All newly identified mutations substantially impact the steady-state expression of the affected proteasome subunits and/or their incorporation into mature 26S proteasomes. Our observations expand the spectrum of PRAAS-associated genetic variants and improve a molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients with sterile autoinflammation

Constraints on the structure and seasonal variations of Triton's atmosphere from the 5 October 2017 stellar occultation and previous observations

Context. A stellar occultation by Neptune's main satellite, Triton, was observed on 5 October 2017 from Europe, North Africa, and the USA. We derived 90 light curves from this event, 42 of which yielded a central flash detection. Aims. We aimed at constraining Triton's atmospheric structure and the seasonal variations of its atmospheric pressure since the Voyager 2 epoch (1989). We also derived the shape of the lower atmosphere from central flash analysis. Methods. We used Abel inversions and direct ray-tracing code to provide the density, pressure, and temperature profiles in the altitude range similar to 8 km to similar to 190 km, corresponding to pressure levels from 9 mu bar down to a few nanobars. Results. (i) A pressure of 1.18 +/- 0.03 mu bar is found at a reference radius of 1400 km (47 km altitude). (ii) A new analysis of the Voyager 2 radio science occultation shows that this is consistent with an extrapolation of pressure down to the surface pressure obtained in 1989. (iii) A survey of occultations obtained between 1989 and 2017 suggests that an enhancement in surface pressure as reported during the 1990s might be real, but debatable, due to very few high S/N light curves and data accessible for reanalysis. The volatile transport model analysed supports a moderate increase in surface pressure, with a maximum value around 2005-2015 no higher than 23 mu bar. The pressures observed in 1995-1997 and 2017 appear mutually inconsistent with the volatile transport model presented here. (iv) The central flash structure does not show evidence of an atmospheric distortion. We find an upper limit of 0.0011 for the apparent oblateness of the atmosphere near the 8 km altitude.J.M.O. acknowledges financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF) through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/131700/2017. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 2014-2021 ERC grant Agreement nffi 669416 "Lucky Star". We thank S. Para who supported some travels to observe the 5 October 2017 occultation. T.B. was supported for this research by an appointment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post-Doctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. We acknowledge useful exchanges with Mark Gurwell on the ALMA CO observations. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. J.L.O., P.S.-S., N.M. and R.D. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), they also acknowledge the financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-2017-84637-R and the Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia J.A. 2012-FQM1776. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 687378, as part of the project "Small Bodies Near and Far" (SBNAF). P.S.-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00 "LEO-SBNAF". The work was partially based on observations made at the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica (LNA), Itajuba-MG, Brazil. The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: F.B.-R. 309578/2017-5; R.V.-M. 304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8; J.I.B.C. 308150/2016-3 and 305917/2019-6; M.A. 427700/20183, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001 and the National Institute of Science and Technology of the e-Universe project (INCT do e-Universo, CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). G.B.R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 and CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, M.A. FAPERJ grant E26/111.488/2013 and A.R.G.Jr. FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8. B.E.M. thanks CNPq 150612/2020-6 and CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grants. Part of the photometric data used in this study were collected in the frame of the photometric observations with the robotic and remotely controlled telescope at the University of Athens Observatory (UOAO; Gazeas 2016). The 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope is operated on Helmos Observatory by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. Observations with the 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope were carried out under OPTICON programme. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. This material reflects only the authors views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The 1. 2m Kryoneri telescope is operated by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the "Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius". The 0.81 m Main Telescope at the OAVdA was upgraded thanks to a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. D.C. and J.M.C. acknowledge funds from a 2017 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT-Cassa di Risparmio di Torino. P.M. acknowledges support from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia ref. PTDC/FISAST/29942/2017 through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE 2020 (ref. POCI010145 FEDER007672). F.J. acknowledges Jean Luc Plouvier for his help. S.J.F. and C.A. would like to thank the UCL student support observers: Helen Dai, Elise Darragh-Ford, Ross Dobson, Max Hipperson, Edward Kerr-Dineen, Isaac Langley, Emese Meder, Roman Gerasimov, Javier Sanjuan, and Manasvee Saraf. We are grateful to the CAHA, OSN and La Hita Observatory staffs. This research is partially based on observations collected at Centro Astronomico HispanoAleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by Junta de Andalucia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IAA-CSIC). This research was also partially based on observation carried out at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (OSN) operated by Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This article is also based on observations made with the Liverpool Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Partially based on observations made with the Tx40 and Excalibur telescopes at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre in Teruel, a Spanish Infraestructura Cientifico-Tecnica Singular (ICTS) owned, managed and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon (CEFCA). Tx40 and Excalibur are funded with the Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE). A.R.R. would like to thank Gustavo Roman for the mechanical adaptation of the camera to the telescope to allow for the observation to be recorded. R.H., J.F.R., S.P.H. and A.S.L. have been supported by the Spanish projects AYA2015-65041P and PID2019-109467GB-100 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. Our great thanks to Omar Hila and their collaborators in Atlas Golf Marrakech Observatory for providing access to the T60cm telescope. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant PDR T.0120.21. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege, and performed in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate