Sexual practices and HIV risk perception among men who have sex with men in Brazil

Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Grant/Award Number: 001-2023. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Objectives: To investigate sexual practices and HIV risk perception among MSM, identifying associated risk factors and determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with 144 MSM in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, using the snowball sampling technique. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling and underwent rapid HIV testing, in addition to completing questionnaires on sexual practices, risk perception, and illicit drug use. Results: The majority of participants showed an unsatisfactory perception of HIV risk. Factors associated with this perception include non-penetrative sex as an HIV preventive measure, which increased the chances of having an unsatisfactory risk perception by 1.45 times (P =.04), engaging with known HIV-positive individuals without knowledge of their viral load (ORa = 2.70; P =.043), and using illicit drugs before/during sex (ORa = 0.29; P =.048). Conclusions: The results indicate a high prevalence of risky sexual practices and an unsatisfactory HIV risk perception among the MSM studied.publishersversionpublishe

Manejo da rinossinusite: uma revisão de literatura

This article aims to evaluate the clinical aspects of rhinosinusitis carried out in the last five years, taking into account the prevalence, classification, diagnosis and treatment used. Integrative review in the VHL, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed database of works published between 2019 and 2023, combining the descriptors "rhinosinusitis", "diagnosis" and "treatment" with the Boolean descriptor "AND". The inclusion criteria were articles published in English or Portuguese, patients with rhinosinusitis. Of 41 articles, 5 were included. The results of the analyzed articles demonstrate that in most cases of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, treatment is with the help of antibiotic medications, which should be administered, mainly, when there is a serious condition or the presence of comorbidities. It is concluded that the main mechanism used by health specialists to treat acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are antibiotics. The most commonly used medications are: amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethopim in mild and moderate cases for 7 to 10 days.Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar os aspectos clínicos da rinossinusite realizada nos últimos cinco anos, levando em consideração a prevalência, classificação, diagnóstico e o tratamento utilizado. Revisão integrativa no banco de dados da BVS, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed de trabalhos publicados entre 2019 e 2023, combinando os descritores "rinossinusite", "diagnóstico" e "tratamento" ao descritor booleano "AND". Os critérios de inclusão foram os artigos publicados em inglês ou português, pacientes portadores de rinossinusite. De 41 artigos, foram incluídos 5. os resultados dos artigos analisados demonstram que na maioria dos casos de acometimento por rinossinusite aguda bacteriana o tratamento se dá com auxílio de medicamentos antibióticos, que devem ser ministrados, principalmente, quando houver um quadro grave ou a presença de comorbidades. Conclui-se que o principal mecanismo utilizado pelos especialistas da área da saúde para tratamento da rinossinusite aguda bacteriana são os antibióticos. Sendo que os medicamentos mais utilizados são: amoxicilina, sulfametoxazol e trimetropim em casos leves e moderados por 7 a 10 dias

Perfil epidemiológico das internações por Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio entre 2019 e 2023

The present study aims to analyze the epidemiology of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Brazil over the last five years. The study was carried out through a descriptive, quantitative and retrospective epidemiological survey of hospitalizations for AMI in Brazil from 2019 to 2023. In Brazil, 737,213 hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction were recorded between 2019 and 2023. Among the Regions, the Region in the Southeast had the highest incidence rates, the highest mortality rate and the highest fatality rate. Thus, it was noted that men between 70 and 79 years old and of mixed ethnicity are the profile most affected by acute myocardial infarction.O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a epidemiologia das internações infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), no Brasil, nos últimos cinco anos. O estudo foi realizado através de um levantamento epidemiológico descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo das internações por IAM no Brasil no período de 2019 a 2023. No Brasil foram registradas 737.213 internações por infarto agudo do miocárdio ocorridos entre 2019 e 2023. Dentre as Regiões, a Região do Sudeste apresentou os maiores índices de incidência, a maior taxa de mortalidade e maior letalidade. Dessa forma, notou-se que homens entre 70 e 79 anos e da etnia parda constituem o perfil mais acometido pelo infarto agudo do miocárdio

PRÁTICAS DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE SOBRE HANSENÍASE NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA

To use scientific evidence to report on leprosy health care practices in primary care. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for papers involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the health sciences descriptors: "Primary health care", "Comprehensive health care" and "Leprosy". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2014 and 2024, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: According to the WHO, in order to provide care for patients with leprosy, the health unit does not need to have large technological apparatuses, but rather broad patient-centered coverage. Conclusion: It can be concluded that leprosy is still a serious public health problem in Brazil today, as it is a disease that still affects many Brazilians.Relatar por meio das evidências cientificas acerca das práticas de atenção à saúde sobre hanseníase na atenção primária.Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Atenção primária à saúde”, “Assistência integral à saúde” e “Hanseníase”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2014 e 2024, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: De acordo com a OMS para se realizar um cuidado ao paciente com hanseníase a unidade de saúde não precisa ter grandes aparatos tecnológicos, mas sim uma ampla cobertura centrada no paciente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a hanseníase até os dias atuais ainda está sendo um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil, visto que é uma doença que acomete muitos brasileiros atualmente ainda

Lingual osteoma as a fortuitous finding on a boy with post-adenoidectomy inflammatory pseudotumor

Lingual osteoma is a very rare clinical entity. There are less than 100 cases reported in the literature, and the occurrence is even rarer in males. It is a benign lesion with a yet unknown pathogenesis. Lingual osteoma is usually a slow-growing tumor that can be incidentally detected after physical or radiological examination. The location of this tumor in the oral cavity is most commonly in the posterior third of the dorsum of the tongue. Treatment of choice is surgical excision, and definitive diagnosis is provided by histopathological analysis. We report a case of osteoma at the base of the tongue presenting as an incidental concurrent finding of a post-adenoidectomy inflammatory pseudotumor in a 9-year-old male patient, while briefly reviewing the literature. Keywords: Lingual osteoma, Osseous choristoma, Inflammatory pseudotumor, Adenoidectom

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved