Uso de las técnicas psicodramáticas en terapia de pareja

Se expone en el siguiente trabajo el empleo de técnicas psicodramáticas en terapia de pareja, siguiendo el encuadre de sociodrama de diadas. El fin del mismo es mostrar cómo a través de la metodología del psicodrama se pueden estudiar los vínculos y sus características, cómo influyen en la relaciones de pareja y cómo es posible hacer consciente de los mismos a los protagonistas, promoviendo un cambio en aquellos casos que es necesario.This study presents the use of psychodrama techniques in couples’s therapy, following the framing of dyads skit. The purpose is to show how through the methodology of psychodrama may be studied the links and their characteristics, how they influence over the couple relationships and how it may make them aware of the protagonists and promote a change in necessary cases

Inulin extraction from common inulin-containing plant sources

Currently there is a growing interest from the food industry in obtaining inulin for its possible use in the elaboration of functional foods. A set of optimum extraction conditions was developed for the recovery of inulin plus fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) from several common inulin-containing plant sources, like chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) and Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.), as well as from novel sources like globe artichoke inflorescence (Cynara cardunculus L.) and its by-product. Optimal conditions for temperature (60−80 °C), time (20−60 min) and solvent to solid ratio (10−40 mL/g) were estimated in order to maximize inulin plus FOS extraction by using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. Inulin plus FOS were estimated colorimetrically by difference between total carbohydrate and reducing sugar contents for the optimization. Moreover, the profile of inulin and low molecular weight carbohydrates was studied in optimized plant extracts by HPLC. Inulin in raw samples and optimal extracts were further characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy. According to response surface methodology model, optimal conditions for inulin plus FOS extraction depended on plant source and were achieved at a solvent to solid ratio of 27.8–37.4 mL/g, from 62−80 °C and a variable time of 22−60 min. The highest inulin plus FOS contents were achieved in chicory root (70.5 g/100 g dry weight) and Jerusalem artichoke tuber (81.1 g/100 g dry weight), and the lowest ones were attained in globe artichoke by-product (4.2 g/100 g). Nevertheless, its high availability and low cost would support this novel globe artichoke by-product as an alternative and valuable source of inulin and FOS for the food industry. At the same time their reuse as potential prebiotic ingredients would contribute to the circular economy

Urocortin induces positive inotropic effect in rat heart

9 páginas, 6 figuras.Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate the positive inotropic effect of urocortin (Ucn) and to characterize its signalling pathways. Methods and results Contractility was measured in ex vivo Langendorff-perfused hearts isolated from Wistar rats. Isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes were used to analyse intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transients evoked by electrical stimulation and L-type Ca2+ current by confocal microscopy and whole-cell patch-clamping, respectively. The application of Ucn to perfused hearts induced progressive, sustained, and potent inotropic and lusitropic effects that were dose-dependent with an EC50 of approximately 8 nM. Ucn effects were independent of protein kinase A (PKA) activation but were significantly reduced by protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors and by brefeldin A, an antagonist of guanine nucleotide exchange factor, suggested to be an inhibitor of exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac). These whole-organ effects were correlated with the inotropic effects observed in isolated cells: Ucn increased ICaL density, [Ca2+]i transients, cell shortening and Ca2+ content of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Conclusion Our results show that Ucn evokes potent positive inotropic and lusitropic effects mediated, at least in part, by an increase in ICaL and [Ca2+]i transient amplitude. These effects may involve the activation of Epac, PKC, and MAPK signalling pathways.This study was supported by ‘Red Cardiovascular RECAVA’ of Instituto Carlos III (grant number: RD06-0014-0020, RD06-0014-0007, PI06-0133), Consejerías de Salud, de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía (grant numbers: 174/2006, P06-CTS-01711), Inserm, and by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (grant: Physio2006Epac). T.S is a ‘Ramon y Cajal’ Researcher and E.C is a fellow student from RECAVA.Peer reviewe

Rheumatoid arthritis response to treatment across IgG1 allotype - anti-TNF incompatibility: a case-only study.

INTRODUCTION: We have hypothesized that incompatibility between the G1m genotype of the patient and the G1m1 and G1m17 allotypes carried by infliximab (INX) and adalimumab (ADM) could decrease the efficacy of these anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The G1m genotypes were analyzed in three collections of patients with RA totaling 1037 subjects. The first, used for discovery, comprised 215 Spanish patients. The second and third were successively used for replication. They included 429 British and Greek patients and 393 Spanish and British patients, respectively. Two outcomes were considered: change in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joint (ΔDAS28) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. RESULTS: An association between less response to INX and incompatibility of the G1m1,17 allotype was found in the discovery collection at 6 months of treatment (P = 0.03). This association was confirmed in the replications (P = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively) leading to a global association (P = 0.001) that involved a mean difference in ΔDAS28 of 0.4 units between compatible and incompatible patients (2.3 ± 1.5 in compatible patients vs. 1.9 ± 1.5 in incompatible patients) and an increase in responders and decrease in non-responders according to the EULAR criteria (P = 0.03). A similar association was suggested for patients treated with ADM in the discovery collection, but it was not supported by replication. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that G1m1,17 allotypes are associated with response to INX and could aid improved therapeutic targeting in RA

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Evaluación nutricional y propiedades biológicas de algas marinas comestibles. Estudios "in vitro" e "in vivo"

El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es la caracterización y evaluación in vitro e in vivo de la calidad nutricional de algas marinas españolas como fuente de compuestos biológicamente activos, principalmente polisacáridos sulfatados. Se ha analizado la composición química de las algas pardas y rojas de partida y especialmente la fibra alimentaria. Además mediante una extracción química secuencial se han obtenido fracciones solubles de los principales polisacáridos de la pared celular de algas. Adicionalmente, se ha desarrollado y validado metodología específica para determinar los principales aniones de algas por cromatografía iónica, para identificar los principales polisacáridos y grupos funcionales de algas por espectroscopía FTIR, y para la distribución de pesos moleculares por HPSEC. También se han determinado in vitro las principales propiedades funcionales (capacidad de hinchamiento, retención de agua y de aceite) y biológicas atribuibles a los polisacáridos sulfatados de la fibra de algas (capacidad antioxidante y anticoagulante). Asimismo, se han realizado ensayos in vivo con ratas Wistar alimentadas con un concentrado de algas pardas o rojas, determinando su influencia beneficiosa sobre el perfil lipídico, estado antioxidante general y efecto prebiótico potencial. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser de gran interés para la obtención a partir de algas de nuevos ingredientes, que podrían ser usados por la industria alimentaria en la elaboración de alimentos funcionales. [ABSTRACT] The main aim of this PhD thesis is the in vitro and in vivo characterization and evaluation of the nutritional quality of Spanish seaweeds as a source of biologically active compounds, mainly sulfated polysaccharides. Chemical composition of brown and red algae and most particularly dietary fibre was analyzed. Moreover, soluble fractions of the main cell wall polysaccharides from seaweeds have been obtained by a sequential chemical extraction. Additionally, we have developed and validated methodology in order to determineg the major algal anions by ion chromatography, to identify the main functional groups of polysaccharides and algae by FTIR spectroscopy, and to assess their molecular weight distribution by HPSEC. Also, the main functional properties (swelling, water and oil retention capacity) and biological properties attributable to the sulfated polysaccharides of seaweed fibre (antioxidant and anticoagulant), have been determined in vitro. Moreover, in vivo studies have been carried out with Wistar rats fed a concentrate of red or brown algae, assaying its beneficial influence on lipid profile, overall antioxidant status and potential prebiotic effect. This results can be of great interest to obtain new ingredients from algae, which could be used by the food industry in the development of functional foods

FTIR-ATR spectroscopy as a tool for polysaccharide identification in edible brown and red seaweeds

Phycocolloids present in three brown (Himanthalia elongata, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Saccharina latissima) and five red edible seaweeds (Mastocarpus stellatus, Gigartina pistillata, Chondracanthus acicularis, Nemalion helminthoides and Dumontia contorta) were studied by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Infrared spectra of polysaccharide standards (alginate, agar, iota-, kappa- and lambda-carrageenan) were obtained for comparison. The main polysaccharide found in brown seaweeds was alginate, a linear copolymer of mannuronic (M) and guluronic acid (G). Alginate M/G ratio was tentatively estimated from specific absorption bands (808/787cm-1 and 1030/1080cm-1) in infrared spectra, suggesting higher values of mannuronic than guluronic acid blocks (M/G>1) for brown seaweeds. According to their infrared spectra, all the red seaweeds studied were mainly carrageenan producers. Thus, M. stellatus showed absorption bands at 929.0, 844.7 and 803.2cm-1 of a typical hybrid kappa/iota/mu/nu-carrageenan, meanwhile G. pistillata and C. acicularis, showed the characteristic broad band (830-820cm-1) of lambda-type carrageenan. Moreover, when the second-derivative was obtained to improve resolution of overlapped bands in the original FTIR spectra, this band was divided into several sharper signals, indicating the presence of lambda-/theta-/xi-carrageenans. Accordingly with their FTIR spectra, N. helminthoides contained sulphated polysaccharides, such as carrageenan or mannans, while D. contorta produced lambda- with lesser amounts of kappa-carrageenan. Therefore, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy is proposed as a useful tool for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry to check the phycocolloid quality of a raw seaweed material by a quick and non-destructive method. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe

A simple ion chromatography method for inorganic anion analysis in edible seaweeds

A new, simple, fast and sensitive ion chromatography (IC) method, for the simultaneous analysis of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate in edible seaweeds was developed and reported for the first time. The validation of the analytical method was studied in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy. All standard calibration curves showed very good correlation between anion peak area and concentration (r > 0.999). Limits of detection and quantitation ranged between 0.002-0.05 mg/L and 0.01-0.1 mg/L, respectively and indicated the high sensitivity of the method. Relative standard deviation values of repeatability and inter-day precision for standard anions with the same sample were less than 2%. Anion recoveries ranged from 97 to 113% for chloride and from 87 to 105% for sulphate, respectively and showed the fairly good accuracy of the method. The method was applied to the analysis of inorganic anions in brown and red edible seaweeds. Brown seaweeds were characterized by higher chloride content up to 33.7-36.9%, while red seaweeds were characterized by higher sulphate content (45-57%). Sulphate content in seaweeds is related to the presence of sulphated polysaccharides of biological importance. The method developed was well applicable to mineral anion analysis in edible seaweeds and shows suitability and reliability of use in other food samples of nutritional importance. © 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer Reviewe

Brown and red seaweeds as potential sources of antioxidant nutraceuticals.

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