Photocatalytic Ohmic layered nanocomposite for efficient utilization of visible light photons

The WO3/W/PbBi2Nb1.9Ti0.1O9 photocatalyst was fabricated by depositing the tungsten clusters over the p-type perovskite base material with the chemical vapor deposition method, and later partly oxidizing the surfaces of these clusters to obtain n-type WO3 overlayers and W metal layer as an Ohmic junction. This NCPC showed unprecedented high activity for the photocatalytic oxidation of water, photocurrent generation, and acetaldehyde decomposition under visible light irradiation (lambda >= 420 nm). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physicsclose313

Band gap tuning of lead-substituted BaSnO3 for visible light photocatalysis

The Pb substitution effect was investigated experimentally and theoretically on the crystal structure of BaSnO3 and on the photo-oxidation activity of H2O. The chemically doped Pb in BaSnO3 induced a concentration-dependent redshift of the experimental band gap (BG). The BaPb0.8Sn0.2O3 system produced 32 mu mol/h of O-2 under lambda >= 420 nm photons, but no O-2 for BaSnO3. The DFT calculations of BaPbxSn1-xO3 (x=0,0.5,1) by using generalized approximation, implying the BG alteration and the photocatalytic activity of BaPbxSn1-xO3, are due to the induced Pb 6s orbital in the BG of BaSnO3. Thus Pb modified the insulating nature of BaSnO3 to semiconducting and semimetallic. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physicsclose343

Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe

Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one’s location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries’ better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits

From local social mindfulness to global sustainability efforts?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reply to Nielsen et al. social mindfulness is associated with countries’ environmental performance and individual environmental concern

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

An Author Correction to this article: DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22955-x.Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.Peer reviewe