Romantik im Spannungsfeld von Konfessionalisierung und Nationalisierung

Eine Neuentdeckung Eichendorffs und der deutschen Romantik: Dieser Band erzählt die vergessene Geschichte eines Dichters und seiner Zeit auf der Suche nach der Nation. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert ist umstritten, welche Rolle die Romantik im Prozess der Nationswerdung der Deutschen gespielt hat. Nach einer heute gängigen Auffassung hat sie die Ausbildung des modernen Nationalismus befeuert. Kaum bekannt ist hingegen die Frühphase ihrer Deutungsgeschichte, die seit der Zeit des Vormärz unter dem Vorzeichen der Konfessionalisierung stand. Wegen der katholischen Tendenz der Romantik wurde sie von einer kleindeutsch-protestantischen Nationalbewegung als Hindernis auf dem Weg zum preußisch geführten Nationalstaat bekämpft. Im Schnittpunkt dieser bewegten, heute aber vergessenen Debatten stand neben dem schillernden »Romantiker auf dem Thron« der Hohenzollern Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (1840-1858) auch Joseph von Eichendorff. Als preußischer Regierungsbeamter war er in die politischen Verwerfungen im Gefolge des Thronwechsels von 1840, als »letzter Romantiker« in deren kulturpolitischen Kontext verwickelt, in dem er sich ab 1846 neu positionierte. Sein katholisch geprägtes Spätwerk wurde von den Zeitgenossen bekämpft, von der Forschung vernachlässigt und schließlich vergessen. Nikolas van Essenberg erzählt diese vergessenen Geschichten erstmals aus den Quellen und zeigt, wie ihre untergründige Nachwirkung bislang zu einer verzerrten Wahrnehmung der Romantik im Allgemeinen und Eichendorffs im Besonderen geführt hat. Ausgehend von der erstmals zusammenhängenden Erschließung des Spätwerks gelangt die Untersuchung zu einer grundlegenden Neuentdeckung von Eichendorffs Gesamtwerk, das viel stärker als bislang bekannt durch das (national)-politische Engagement seines Autors geprägt war und im Horizont seiner wandlungsreichen Wirkungsgeschichte zu einem ikonischen Erinnerungsort der deutschen Geschichte aufrückt

Romantik im Spannungsfeld von Konfessionalisierung und Nationalisierung

Eine Neuentdeckung Eichendorffs und der deutschen Romantik: Dieser Band erzählt die vergessene Geschichte eines Dichters und seiner Zeit auf der Suche nach der Nation. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert ist umstritten, welche Rolle die Romantik im Prozess der Nationswerdung der Deutschen gespielt hat. Nach einer heute gängigen Auffassung hat sie die Ausbildung des modernen Nationalismus befeuert. Kaum bekannt ist hingegen die Frühphase ihrer Deutungsgeschichte, die seit der Zeit des Vormärz unter dem Vorzeichen der Konfessionalisierung stand. Wegen der katholischen Tendenz der Romantik wurde sie von einer kleindeutsch-protestantischen Nationalbewegung als Hindernis auf dem Weg zum preußisch geführten Nationalstaat bekämpft. Im Schnittpunkt dieser bewegten, heute aber vergessenen Debatten stand neben dem schillernden »Romantiker auf dem Thron« der Hohenzollern Friedrich Wilhelm IV. (1840-1858) auch Joseph von Eichendorff. Als preußischer Regierungsbeamter war er in die politischen Verwerfungen im Gefolge des Thronwechsels von 1840, als »letzter Romantiker« in deren kulturpolitischen Kontext verwickelt, in dem er sich ab 1846 neu positionierte. Sein katholisch geprägtes Spätwerk wurde von den Zeitgenossen bekämpft, von der Forschung vernachlässigt und schließlich vergessen. Nikolas van Essenberg erzählt diese vergessenen Geschichten erstmals aus den Quellen und zeigt, wie ihre untergründige Nachwirkung bislang zu einer verzerrten Wahrnehmung der Romantik im Allgemeinen und Eichendorffs im Besonderen geführt hat. Ausgehend von der erstmals zusammenhängenden Erschließung des Spätwerks gelangt die Untersuchung zu einer grundlegenden Neuentdeckung von Eichendorffs Gesamtwerk, das viel stärker als bislang bekannt durch das (national)-politische Engagement seines Autors geprägt war und im Horizont seiner wandlungsreichen Wirkungsgeschichte zu einem ikonischen Erinnerungsort der deutschen Geschichte aufrückt

A multifaceted clinical decision support intervention to improve adherence to thromboprophylaxis guidelines

Background Venous thromboembolism is a potentially fatal complication of hospitalisation, affecting approximately 3% of non-surgical patients. Administration of low molecular weight heparins to the appropriate patients adequately decreases venous thromboembolism incidence, but guideline adherence is notoriously low. Objective To determine the effect of a multifaceted intervention on thromboprophylaxis guideline adherence. The secondary objective was to study the effect on guideline adherence specifically in patients with a high venous thromboembolism risk. As an exploratory objective, we determined how many venous thromboembolisms may be prevented. Setting A Dutch general teaching hospital. Method A prospective study with a pre- and post-intervention measurement was conducted. A multifaceted intervention, consisting of Clinical Decision Support software, a mobile phone application, monitoring of duplicate anticoagulants and training, was implemented. Guideline adherence was assessed by calculating the Padua prediction and Improve bleeding score for each patient. The number of preventable venous thromboembolisms was calculated using the incidences of venous thromboembolism in patients with and without adequate thromboprophylaxis and extrapolated to the annual number of admitted patients. Main outcome measure Adherence to thromboprophylaxis guidelines in pre- and post-intervention measurements. Results 170 patients were included: 85 in both control and intervention group. The intervention significantly increased guideline adherence from 49.4 to 82.4% (OR 4.78; 95%CI 2.37-9.63). Guideline adherence in the patient group with a high venous thromboembolism risk also increased significantly from 54.5 to 84.3% (OR 2.46; 95%CI 1.31-4.62), resulting in the potential prevention of +/- 261 venous thromboembolisms per year. Conclusions Our multifaceted intervention significantly increased thromboprophylaxis guideline adherence

A physical explanation of the EPR spectrum observed during catalysis by enzymes utilizing coenzyme B

We have proposed that the "doublet" EPR spectra observed during catalysis by a number of coenzyme B1,2-requiring enzymes arises from a weak electrostatic exchange interaction between an organic free radical and low spin Co(II), B1,2r. By varying the magnitude of the exchange coupling we have quite accurately simulateed the published EPR spectra from the enzyme systems: diol dehydrase, glycerol dehydrase, ribonucleotide reductase, and ethanolamine ammonia lyase. A dipolar model was shown to be incompatible with the observed properties of these systems.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22002/1/0000415.pd

Prostaglandin E 2 -stimulated secretion of protein in the salivary glands of the lone star tick via a phosphoinositide signaling pathway

Abstract Previous studies identified a prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) receptor in the salivary glands of partially fed female lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.). In the present studies, protein secretion from dispersed salivary gland acini was shown to be specific for PGE 2 , as compared with PGF 2α or the thromboxane analog U-46619, in accordance with their respective binding affinities for the PGE 2 receptor. Furthermore, the selective PGE 2 EP1 receptor agonist, 17-phenyl trinor PGE 2 , was as effective as PGE 2 in stimulating secretion of anticoagulant protein. Calcium ionophore A-23187 (1 to 100 µM) stimulated secretion of anticoagulant protein in a dose-dependent manner but the voltage-gated Ca 2+ -channel blocker verapamil (1 to 1000 µM) and the receptor-mediated Ca 2+ -entry antagonist, SK&F 96365 (1 and 10 µM), and 5 mM ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,NNЈ,NЈ-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) had no appreciable effect on inhibiting PGE 2 -stimulated secretion of anticoagulant protein. PGE 2 (0.1 µM) and the nonhydrolyzable analog of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), GTPγS (10 µM), directly activated phospholipase C (PLC) in a membraneenriched fraction of the salivary glands after PLC was first incubated with the PGE 2 EP1 receptor antagonist AH-6809, which presumably antagonized endogenous PGE 2 (0.3 µM) in the broken-cell-membrane-enriched fraction. TMB-8, an antagonist of intracellular inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) receptors, inhibited PGE 2 -stimulated secretion. The results support the hypothesis that PGE 2 stimulates secretion of tick salivary gland protein via a phosphoinositide signaling pathway and mobilization of intracellular Ca 2+

A Victor's History: A Comparative Analysis of the Labour Historiography of Indonesia's New Order

Some observers have identified a common pattern in developing countries whereby unions are transformed from a political force valued for their contribution to the struggle for independence to a state-sponsored ‘tool of development’. A less well-explored question concerns the harnessing of labour historiography to justify such transitions. As this article shows, Suharto’s New Order (1966–98) undertook a conscious and purposeful rewriting of Indonesian labour history in support of a single vehicle of labour representation organized around a narrative of the dangers of political unionism and designed to control and harness the industrial workforce in the name of economic development

Responses of nectar-feeding birds to floral resources at multiple spatial scales

The responses of animal pollinators to the spatially heterogeneous distribution of floral resources are important for plant reproduction, especially in species-rich plant communities. We explore how responses of pollinators to floral resources varied across multiple spatial scales and studied the responses of two nectarivorous bird species (Cape sugarbird Promerops cafer, orange-breasted sunbird Anthobaphes violacea) to resource distributions provided by communities of co-flowering Protea species (Proteaceae) in South African fynbos. We used highly resolved maps of about 125 000 Protea plants at 27 sites and estimated the seasonal dynamics of standing crop of nectar sugar for each plant to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of floral resources. We recorded avian population sizes and the rates of bird visits to ˃1300 focal plants to assess the responses of nectarivorous birds to floral resources at different spatial scales. The population sizes of the two bird species responded positively to the amount of sugar resources at the site scale. Within sites, the effects of floral resources on pollinator visits to plants varied across scales and depended on the resources provided by individual plants. At large scales (radii ˃25 m around focal plants), high sugar density decreased per-plant visitation rates, i.e. plants competed for animal pollinators. At small scales (radii ˂5 m around focal plants), we observed either competition or facilitation for pollinators between plants, depending on the sugar amount offered by individual focal plants. In plants with copious sugar, per-plant visitation rates increased with increasing local sugar density, but visitation rates decreased in plants with little sugar. Our study underlines the importance of scale-dependent responses of pollinators to floral resources and reveals that pollinators’ responses depend on the interplay between individual floral resources and local resource neighbourhood

Evaluation of the effects of erythritol on gene expression in Brucella abortus

Bacteria of the genus Brucella have the unusual capability to catabolize erythritol and this property has been associated with their virulence mainly because of the presence of erythritol in bovine foetal tissues and because the attenuated S19 vaccine strain is the only Brucella strain unable to oxydize erythritol. In this work we have analyzed the transcriptional changes produced in Brucella by erythritol by means of two high throughput approaches: RNA hybridization against a microarray containing most of Brucella ORF's constructed from the Brucella ORFeome and next generation sequencing of Brucella mRNA in an Illumina GAIIx platform. The results obtained showed the overexpression of a group of genes, many of them in a single cluster around the ery operon, able to co-ordinately mediate the transport and degradation of erythritol into three carbon atoms intermediates that will be then converted into fructose-6P (F6P) by gluconeogenesis. Other induced genes participating in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate shunt and the TCA may collaborate with the ery genes to conform an efficient degradation of sugars by this route. On the other hand, several routes of amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis are up-regulated whilst amino acid transport and catabolism genes are down-regulated. These results corroborate previous descriptions indicating that in the presence of erythritol, this sugar was used preferentially over other compounds and provides a neat explanation of the the reported stimulation of growth induced by erythritol

An Automated Phenotype-Driven Approach (GeneForce) for Refining Metabolic and Regulatory Models

Integrated constraint-based metabolic and regulatory models can accurately predict cellular growth phenotypes arising from genetic and environmental perturbations. Challenges in constructing such models involve the limited availability of information about transcription factor—gene target interactions and computational methods to quickly refine models based on additional datasets. In this study, we developed an algorithm, GeneForce, to identify incorrect regulatory rules and gene-protein-reaction associations in integrated metabolic and regulatory models. We applied the algorithm to refine integrated models of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, and experimentally validated some of the algorithm's suggested refinements. The adjusted E. coli model showed improved accuracy (∼80.0%) for predicting growth phenotypes for 50,557 cases (knockout mutants tested for growth in different environmental conditions). In addition to identifying needed model corrections, the algorithm was used to identify native E. coli genes that, if over-expressed, would allow E. coli to grow in new environments. We envision that this approach will enable the rapid development and assessment of genome-scale metabolic and regulatory network models for less characterized organisms, as such models can be constructed from genome annotations and cis-regulatory network predictions