Feasibility studies for the measurement of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors from p¯ p→ μ+μ- at P ¯ ANDA at FAIR

This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors, | GE| and | GM| , using the p¯ p→ μ+μ- reaction at P ¯ ANDA (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at P ¯ ANDA , using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is p¯ p→ π+π-, due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distributions of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented

Precision resonance energy scans with the PANDA experiment at FAIR: Sensitivity study for width and line shape measurements of the X(3872)

This paper summarises a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study for precision resonance energy scan measurements. Apart from the proof of principle for natural width and line shape measurements of very narrow resonances with PANDA, the achievable sensitivities are quantified for the concrete example of the charmonium-like X(3872) state discussed to be exotic, and for a larger parameter space of various assumed signal cross-sections, input widths and luminosity combinations. PANDA is the only experiment that will be able to perform precision resonance energy scans of such narrow states with quantum numbers of spin and parities that differ from J P C = 1 - -

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas III Menggunakan Alat Peraga Dekak-dekak

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar kognitif siswa kurang memuaskan. Dilihat dari hasil wawancara dengan guru wali kelas III mengatakan ketika pembelajaran berlangsung kebanyakan siswa tidak mau bersunguh-sunguh mendengarkan penjelasan guru, sehingga ketika ditanya berkaitan dengan materi yang telah disampaikan siswa tidak bisa menjawab malah sebaliknya hanya diam.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan alat peraga dekak-dekak mata Pelajaran Matematika materi penjumlahan dan pengurangan kelas III SD 01 Binjai Hulu. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IIIB berjumlah 23 orang siswa. Untuk mengumpulkan data adalah lembar observasi, soal tes, dan lembar angket respon siswa. Aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 86,8% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 94,7%. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 65,2% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 95,6%. Respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan alat peraga dekak-dekak pada siklus I sebesar 62,6% dan respon siswa siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 71%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, disimpulkan secara umum bahwa penggunaan alat peraga dekak-dekak dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IIIB Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01Binjai Hulu

Neuronal Cultures and Nanomaterials

4noIn recent years, the scientific community has witnessed an exponential increase in the use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In particular, the interest of graphene and graphene-based materials has rapidly risen in the neuroscience field due to the properties of this material, such as high conductivity, transparency and flexibility. As for any new material that aims to play a role in the biomedical area, a fundamental aspect is the evaluation of its toxicity, which strongly depends on material composition, chemical functionalization and dimensions. Furthermore, a wide variety of three-dimensional scaffolds have also started to be exploited as a substrate for tissue engineering. In this application, the topography is probably the most relevant amongst the various properties of the different materials, as it may allow to instruct and interrogate neural networks, as well as to drive neural growth and differentiation. This chapter discusses the in vitro approaches, ranging from microscopy analysis to physiology measurements, to investigate the interaction of graphene with the central nervous system. Moreover, the in vitro use of three-dimensional scaffolds is described and commented.reservedmixedMattia Bramini, Anna Rocchi, Fabio Benfenati, Fabrizia CescaBramini, Mattia; Rocchi, Anna; Benfenati, Fabio; Cesca, Fabrizi

The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR

The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA

Precision resonance energy scans with the PANDA experiment at FAIR

This paper summarises a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study for precision resonance energy scan measurements. Apart from the proof of principle for natural width and line shape measurements of very narrow resonances with PANDA, the achievable sensitivities are quantified for the concrete example of the charmonium-like X(3872) state discussed to be exotic, and for a larger parameter space of various assumed signal cross-sections, input widths and luminosity combinations. PANDA is the only experiment that will be able to perform precision resonance energy scans of such narrow states with quantum numbers of spin and parities that differ from {} J^{{}PC{}} = 1^{{}--{}}{}JPC=1--

The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR

The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA

Feasibility studies for the measurement of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors from pˉp→μ+μ−\bar{p}p \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^- at P‾ANDA\overline{\text {P}}\text {ANDA} at FAIR

International audienceThis paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors, $|G_{E}|$ and $|G_{M}|$, using the $\bar{p} p \rightarrow \mu ^{+} \mu ^{-}$ reaction at $\overline{\text {P}}\text {ANDA}$ (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at $\overline{\text {P}}\text {ANDA}$, using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is $\bar{p} p \rightarrow \pi ^{+} \pi ^{-}$, due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distributions of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented