Analysis of Changes in Refraction and Biometry of Atropine-and Placebo-Treated Eyes

Citation: Kumaran A, Htoon HM, Tan D, Chia A. Analysis of changes in refraction and biometry of atropineand placebo-treated eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:5650-5655. DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14716 PURPOSE. To analyze changes in refraction and associated biometric changes in atropine-and placebo-treated eyes in the Atropine for Treatment of Myopia study (ATOM1). METHODS. A total of 400 myopic children, aged 6 to 12 years, were assigned randomly to receive 1% atropine or a placebo agent in one eye daily for 2 years, after which drops were stopped and children monitored for another year. Cycloplegic autorefraction, A-scan biometry, and automated keratometry were performed at the initial visit, 2 weeks (baseline), and a

Gender differences in survival among adult patients starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a multicentre cohort study.

Increased mortality among men on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been documented but remains poorly understood. We examined the magnitude of and risk factors for gender differences in mortality on ART

Number of Nevi at a Specific Anatomical Site and Its Relation to Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

The risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is strongly associated with total number of nevi. Scanty information is available on the association between CMM at a specific anatomical site and number of nevi at the same site. We analyzed data from a case–control study conducted in Italy between 1992 and 1994, on 542 cases of CMM and 538 hospital controls. Cases and controls were examined by trained dermatologists who counted the number of melanocytic nevi. We derived multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of site-specific risk of CMM for high versus low number of nevi at the corresponding site. The ORs of CMM for the highest versus the lowest tertile of number of nevi at the corresponding site was 1.4 (95% CIs: 0.7–2.8) at face and neck, 2.3 (95% CIs: 1.1–4.9) at anterior trunk, 4.9 (95% CIs: 2.9–8.4) at posterior trunk, 2.9 (95% CIs: 1.2–6.6) at upper limbs and 5.0 (95% CIs: 2.9–8.5) at lower limbs. In a case–case analysis, comparing CMM cases at a specific site and CMM cases at all other sites, the only excess risk was found for the posterior trunk, the ORs being 2.1 (95% CIs: 1.2–3.6) for the highest versus the lowest tertile of number of nevi. Our data do not support the hypothesis of a specific effect of nevi at each single anatomical site

Estimated mortality of adult HIV-infected patients starting treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy

To provide estimates of mortality among HIV-infected patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy

New ILAE versus previous clinical status epilepticus semiologic classification: Analysis of a hospital-based cohort.

OBJECTIVES: In 2015, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) issued a new status epilepticus (SE) classification, including a detailed semiologic axis. This study assesses frequencies of SE forms in a cohort of adult patients, and explores differences and practical implications as compared to a seizure-type-bound classification. METHODS: The prospective adult SE registry of the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) was considered over 5 years (2011-2015); each SE episode was retrospectively reclassified for its semiology according to the new ILAE scheme. Mortality rates were retrieved for each subgroup of SE. RESULTS: Among 488 SE episodes, according to the seizure-type-bound classification, 230 (47%) had a generalized convulsive, and 29 (6%) had a nonconvulsive SE in coma; both categories overlapped almost perfectly between the two classifications. However, the 84 episodes with focal SE without consciousness impairment and the 141 episodes with consciousness impairment were each translated into two major (and five sub-) categories of the new ILAE classification, having markedly different mortality rates. In addition, of 140 episodes labeled as focal motor SE according to the new classification, 54% had concomitant consciousness impairment, whereas 46% did not; again, mortality rates were heterogeneous. SIGNIFICANCE: Although generalized convulsive and nonconvulsive SE in coma show an almost perfect correspondence across SE semiologic classifications, focal SE is markedly heterogeneous and appears to be better reflected in the new classification, offering more clinically relevant subdivisions, also differing in mortality rates. This refined knowledge may allow the development of clinical prognostic scores that are more precise than existing tools, and should be taken into account for epidemiologic studies

Public-Health and Individual Approaches to Antiretroviral Therapy: Township South Africa and Switzerland Compared

Comparing HIV treatment in Switzerland, where drug selection is individualized, and South Africa, where a programmatic approach is used, Matthias Egger and colleagues find similar virologic outcomes over two years

Negligible Risk for Epidemics after Geophysical Disasters

Short-term risk for epidemics after geophysical disasters is very low

Cumulative Incidence of Cancer Among Persons With HIV in North America: A Cohort Study

Cancer is increasingly common among HIV patients given improved survival

Assessment of polygenic architecture and risk prediction based on common variants across fourteen cancers

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of hundreds of susceptibility loci across cancers, but the impact of further studies remains uncertain. Here we analyse summary-level data from GWAS of European ancestry across fourteen cancer sites to estimate the number of common susceptibility variants (polygenicity) and underlying effect-size distribution. All cancers show a high degree of polygenicity, involving at a minimum of thousands of loci. We project that sample sizes required to explain 80% of GWAS heritability vary from 60,000 cases for testicular to over 1,000,000 cases for lung cancer. The maximum relative risk achievable for subjects at the 99th risk percentile of underlying polygenic risk scores (PRS), compared to average risk, ranges from 12 for testicular to 2.5 for ovarian cancer. We show that PRS have potential for risk stratification for cancers of breast, colon and prostate, but less so for others because of modest heritability and lower incidence