Cretaceous deformation of the southern Central Andes: synorogenic growth strata in the Neuquén Group (35° 300–37° S)

The Neuquén Group is an Upper Cretaceous continental sedimentary unit exhumed during the latest Miocene contractional phase occurred in the southern Central Andes, allowing a direct field observation and study of the depositional geometries. The identification of growth strata on these units surrounding the structures of the frontal parts of the Andes, sedimentological analyses and U–Pb dating of detrital components, allowed the definition of a synorogenic unit that coexisted with the uplift of the early Andean orogen since ca. 100 Ma, maximum age obtained in this work, compatible with previous assignments and constrained in the top by the deposition of the Malarg€ue Group, in the Maastrichtian (ca. 72 Ma). The definition of a wedge top area in this foreland basin system, where growth strata were described, permitted to identify a Late Cretaceous orogenic front and foredeep area, whose location and amplitude contrast with previous hypotheses. This wedge top area was mostly fed from the paleo-Andes with small populations coming from sources in the cratonic area that are interpreted as a recycling in Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sections, which contrasts with other analyses performed at the foredeep zone that have mixed sources. In particular, Permian sources are interpreted as coming directly from the cores of the basement structures, where Neopaleozoic sections are exposed, next to the synorogenic sedimentation, implying a strong incision in Late Cretaceous times with an exhumation structural level similar to the present. The maximum recognised advance for this Late Cretaceous deformation in the study area is approximately 500 km east of the Pacific trench, which constitutes an anomaly compared with neighbour segments where Late Cretaceous deformations were found considerably retracted. The geodynamic context of the sedimentation of this unit is interpreted as produced under the westward fast moving of South America, colliding with two consecutive mid-ocean ridges during a period of important plate reorganisation. The subduction of young, anhydrous, buoyant lithosphere would have produced changes in the subduction geometry, reflected first by an arc waning/gap and subsequently by an arc migration that coexisted with synorogenic sedimentation. These magmatic and deformational processes would be the product of a shallow subduction regime, following previous proposals, which occurred in Late Cretaceous times, synchronous to the sedimentation of the Neuqu en Group.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

PELLETS DE KAOLIN POROSOS UTILIZADOS COMO SISTEMA DE LIBERACIÓN LENTA DE FEROMONA BENZALDEHYDE PARA CAPTURAR TRIATOMINOS

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las propiedades de los gránulos de caolín porosos que se aplicarán como un sistema de liberación lenta de feromonas, para la captura de vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Tectonic evolution of the southern central Andes (36°-39°S): the case of an extensionally reactivated orogen, the Loncopué trough

A partir de datos superficiales y geofísicos se estudiaron las distintas unidades aflorantes y no aflorantes acumuladas en la fosa de Loncopué. Esta cuenca ha tenido una fase reciente extensional evidenciada por fallamiento normal que afecta materiales cuaternarios postglaciarios y controla la efusión de campos volcánicos fisurales. Un sistema de fallas occidental asociado al emplazamiento de grandes estratovolcanes y complejos caldéricos sobre la cordillera principal, un sistema de fallas axial dominado por la presencia de pequeñas cuencas transtensionales y un sistema de fallas oriental que afecta el sector interno de la faja plegada y corrida del Agrio, controlan la subsidencia en esta depresión alojada en el frente andino. Además de actividad neotectónica, estos sistemas muestran localmente actividad paleosísmica que indica sismos de magnitudes superiores al registro instrumental disponible. El origen de estos sismos parece concentrarse básicamente en el sector oriental, donde la subsidencia es máxima. La fosa de Loncopué está formada en profundidad por una serie de depocentros aislados, que coinciden espacialmente con los principales sistemas de fallas reconocidos en superficie. Estos depocentros alcanzan localmente los 8 km de profundidad, albergando secuencias relativas a los primeros estadios de apertura de la cuenca Neuquina, secuencias oligo-miocenas ligadas a la cuenca de Cura Mallín, cuyos productos de hallan fuertemente invertidos y expuestos en el ámbito andino hacia el norte y secuencias relativas al arco plioceno que se estableció en la región antes de retraerse hacia el sector chileno en el Cuaternario. Transectas estructurales balanceadas a las diferentes etapas de evolución tectónica del piedemonte neuquino, muestran que el colapso de la estructura compresiva cretácica-eocena ha sido el principal factor asociado a la formación de este rasgo. Dos etapas extensionales (Oligo-Mioceno y Plioceno a la actualidad) han actuado en esta región, separadas por un evento de inversión tectónica. Finalmente, tres transectas estructurales realizadas entre los 36º y los 39º de más de 300 km de longitud cada una, que cruzan el orógeno andino, arrojan valores de acortamiento variable que muestran que los máximos acortamientos se alcanzan en el frente emergente de la cordillera principal, en los sitios en los cuales no se desarrolla la última fase extensional de la fosa de Loncopué