Miners and mining in the Late Bronze Age : a multidisciplinary study from Austria

The extraction and processing of metal ores, particularly those of copper and tin, are regarded as among the principal motors of Bronze Age society. The skills and risks of mining lie behind the weapons, tools and symbols that drove political and ideological change. But we hear much less about the miners themselves and their position in society. Who were these people? Were they rich and special, or expendable members of a hardpressed workforce? In this study the spotlight moves from the adits, slags and furnaces to the bones and seeds, providing a sketch of dedicated prehistoric labourers in their habitat. The Mauken miners were largely dependent on imported meat and cereals, and scarcely hunted or foraged the resources of the local forest. They seem to be the servants of a command economy, encouraged to keep their minds on the job

O enquadramento das Missões de Paz (PKO) nas teorias da guerra e de polícia

A clareza original do que sejam as operações de manutenção, ou Missões de Paz - PKO - já não existe, se é que algum dia ela de fato existiu. No decorrer desse artigo Busca-se enquadrar as PKO nas teorias de guerra e de polícia, com base no entendimento sobre força e violência, uso da força, guerra e paz. Ao final, há algumas observações sobre a utilidade desses enquadramentos.<br>The original meaning of what are the Peacekeeping Operations - PKO - no longer exists, that is, if some day it really existed. This article tries to fit the PKO in the theories of war and police, based on the comprehension of strength and violence, the use of strength, war, and peace. In conclusion, there are some observations about the utility of those allocations