Mechanisms of vascularization in murine models of primary and metastatic tumor growth

Directed capillary ingrowth has long been considered synonymous with tumor vascularization. However, the vasculature of primary tumors and metastases is not necessarily formed by endothelial cell sprouting; instead, malignant tumors can acquire blood vessels via alternative vascularization mechanisms, such as intussusceptive microvascular growth, vessel co-option, and glomeruloid angiogenesis. Importantly, in response to anti-angiogenic therapies, malignant tumors can switch from one vascularization mechanism to another. In this article, we briefly review the biological features of these mechanisms and discuss on their significance in medical oncology

Sertés fibroblaszt alapú génbank

Manapság egyre nagyobb kihívást jelent a genetikai diverzitás megőrzése. Az afrikai sertéspestis (ASP) súlyosan tizedeli Európa vaddisznó és házisertés állományait. A hazai őshonos és a köztenyésztésből egyre inkább kiszoruló hagyományos magyar fajták kifejezetten veszélyeztetettek egy ilyen járvánnyal szemben, alacsonyabb egyedszámuk miatt. Választásunk ezen fajták közül a magyar nagyfehér sertésfajtán belül egy archaikusabb típust képviselő core populáció egyedeire esett. Kísérleteink során a keszthelyi magyar nagyfehér törzstenyészet 25 kocájától származó fülcsipkét dolgoztunk fel. A fülcsipkékből létrehozott mintákat Knockout DMEMw/F-12 alapú médiumban tenyésztettük, és 37,5 oC-on, 5% CO2 tartalom mellett inkubáltuk 15 napon keresztül. A tenyésztés végén, a sejttenyészeteket mélyhűtöttük egyedi vonalkóddal ellátott fagyasztó csövekben. A lefagyasztott sejteket -150oC fokon tároljuk a mintákból származó DNS és RNS mintákkal együtt. Mind mélyhűtés előtt, mind mélyhűtés után elvégeztük a sejttenyészetek életképesség vizsgálatát Arthur fluoreszcens sejt számoló géppel. Átlagosan 97%-os életképes sejtet kaptunk. Ezek mellett megkezdtük a minták immunfestéssel való vizsgálatát is. Sikeresen ki tudtuk mutatni a titin és actin jelenlétét a mintákban. A kutatócsoportunk által alkalmazott protokollok lehetőséget nyújtanak a sertés fibroblaszt tenyészetek egyszerűbb izolálására és tenyésztésére. Emellett más távlati lehetőséget is megnyithatnak, mint például az iPS tenyészetek létrehozását, amik a sertés anatómiai sajátosságai miatt alapjául szolgálhatnak majd orvosi kutatásokban alkalmazható modell rendszerek létrehozására

Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and the associated sequence replay emerge from structured synaptic interactions in a network model of area CA3

Hippocampal place cells are activated sequentially as an animal explores its environment. These activity sequences are internally recreated (‘replayed’), either in the same or reversed order, during bursts of activity (sharp wave-ripples [SWRs]) that occur in sleep and awake rest. SWR-associated replay is thought to be critical for the creation and maintenance of long-term memory. In order to identify the cellular and network mechanisms of SWRs and replay, we constructed and simulated a data-driven model of area CA3 of the hippocampus. Our results show that the chain-like structure of recurrent excitatory interactions established during learning not only determines the content of replay, but is essential for the generation of the SWRs as well. We find that bidirectional replay requires the interplay of the experimentally confirmed, temporally symmetric plasticity rule, and cellular adaptation. Our model provides a unifying framework for diverse phenomena involving hippocampal plasticity, representations, and dynamics, and suggests that the structured neural codes induced by learning may have greater influence over cortical network states than previously appreciated

GrassPlot v. 2.00 – first update on the database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands

Abstract: GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). Following a previous Long Database Report (Dengler et al. 2018, Phyto- coenologia 48, 331–347), we provide here the first update on content and functionality of GrassPlot. The current version (GrassPlot v. 2.00) contains a total of 190,673 plots of different grain sizes across 28,171 independent plots, with 4,654 nested-plot series including at least four grain sizes. The database has improved its content as well as its functionality, including addition and harmonization of header data (land use, information on nestedness, structure and ecology) and preparation of species composition data. Currently, GrassPlot data are intensively used for broad-scale analyses of different aspects of alpha and beta diversity in grassland ecosystems

GrassPlot - a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands

GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (releves) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001;... 1,000 m(2)) and on nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata. However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetationplot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database " sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale-and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board

BlueBrain/ConnectomeUtilities: New features and examples: Reciprocal views

<p>Added the ability to get a reciprocal view of a ConnectivityMatrix object. That is: All edges that are not reciprocal get removed.</p> <p>Also added a new exemplary analysis of the MICrONS connectome!</p&gt

NeuroML/pyNeuroML: v1.1.0

What's Changed fix(plots): provide axis for colorbar by @sanjayankur31 in https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/pull/252 fix(vispy-morph): get title from cell object if no network is found by @sanjayankur31 in https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/pull/251 feat(morph-plots): improve colouring of cells/groups in schematic plot by @sanjayankur31 in https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/pull/248 feat(pynml): include more info in version by @sanjayankur31 in https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/pull/249 Feat/chan den analysis by @sanjayankur31 in https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/pull/242 Feat/nsgr integration by @sanjayankur31 in https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/pull/243 To v1.1.0; Update to jnml v0.12.3 jar by @pgleeson in https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/pull/254 Full Changelog: https://github.com/NeuroML/pyNeuroML/compare/v1.0.10...v1.1.

The Effects of Freezing Media on the Characteristics of Male and Female Chicken Primordial Germ Cell Lines

Recently, in vitro gene preservation has gained ground thanks to its lower cost and higher stability compared to in vivo techniques. One of the methods that can preserve female-specific W chromosome-linked genes is primordial germ cell (PGC) freezing. PGCs can be isolated from Hamburger–Hamilton stage 14–16 embryos via blood sampling. In our experiment, we used two newly established Black Transylvanian naked neck chicken cell lines and four cell lines from our gene bank. We compared two different freezing media (FAM1 and FAM2) in this study. The cell number and viability of the PGCs were measured before freezing (BF) and after thawing on Day 0, Day 1, and Day 7 of cultivation. We analyzed the germ cell-specific chicken vasa homologue (CVH) expression profile in PGCs using RT-qPCR. We found that on Day 0, immediately after thawing, the cell number in cell lines frozen with the FAM2 medium was significantly higher than in the FAM1-treated ones. On Day 1 and Day 7, the cell number and viability were also higher in most cell lines frozen with FAM2, but the difference was insignificant. The freezing also affected the chicken vasa homologue gene expression in male lines treated with both freezing media