A Case Study on the Operational Efficiency of Liner Service Routes of a Container Liner Shipping Company : Focusing on A Shipping Company

This study starts from the thought about how global container shipping company that competition is getting deepened recently is operating its service routes effectively and if it is willing to improve. The goal of this study is to examine how effectively global container shipping company in the current competitive environment is operating its service routes. Thus, this study analyze the relative efficiency of liner service routes in the container liner shipping company, using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), known as an attractive method for evaluating relative efficiency of some groups with multi factor. That is analyzed by CCR and BCC model. And the efficiency analysis use factors related to cost structure in container shipping company, draws ways to improve the efficiency of current service routes. Based on the result, it suggests the factor that has to be considered by container shipping companies to be more competitive in the industry. Finally, a scale of service route and the effectiveness of operation can be analyzed and ultimately improved.1. 서 론 1.1 연구의 배경과 목적 1.2 연구의 방법 및 범위 2. 컨테이너 해운산업의 현황 2.1 세계 컨테이너 해운 산업 현황 2.2 국내 컨테이너 해운 산업 현황 2.3 외항 컨테이너선사 항로 선정 방식 3. 이론적 배경과 선행연구 3.1 이론적 배경 3.2 선행연구 4. 항로의 효율성 분석 4.1 평가대상의 선정 4.2 투입변수와 산출변수의 선정 4.3 분석 자료의 요약 4.4 DEA 분석 결과 5. 결 론 5.1 연구결과의 요약 5.2 연구의 한계점과 과제 참고 문헌Maste

Herbal extracts for ensuring pork meat quality during cold storage

Funding Information: This research was supported by National Research Programme “Agricultural Resources for Sustainable Production of Qualitative and Healthy Foods in Latvia” (AgroBioRes) (2014–2017), project No. 4 “Sustainable use of local agricultural resources for qualitative and healthy food product development” (FOOD). Publisher Copyright: © 2017 De Gruyter Open Ltd. All rights reserved.Oxidation and microbial spoilage have a negative effect on the quality of meat and meat products, causing changes in their sensory and nutritional properties. Herbs contain biologically active compounds, like phenols with antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Phenols can be used as substitutes for commercial antioxidants to prevent lipid oxidation, thus maintaining the colour and flavour of the product. The aim of the study was to investigate the the potential use of herbal extracts in ethanol/water application for the maintenance of pork meat quality during storage. Four herbs growing in Latvia - nettle (Urtica dioica L.), lovage (Levisticum officinale L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) were chosen for the study. An optimal ethanol concentration for the extraction of the phenolic compounds was obtained with ethanol 50%/ water 50% concentration (v/v). Prepared herbal extracts were added to chilled pork to determine the quality of the pork during storage. Changes in meat quality and its sensory properties for chilled pork without extracts appeared on day 18 of storage. Negative changes in sensory properties of meat samples with nettle extract were observed on day 22 of storage, and with lovage, oregano, and horseradish extracts on day 32. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for microbiological indices between pork samples with herbal extracts and the control sample.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Moderate-medicalisation and an age-neutral NHS hearing aid service

Age-related hearing loss is one of the most common chronic health conditions experienced by adults. However, many individuals who would benefit from a hearing aid do not seek help, and many that do seek help, experience symptoms for several years prior to attending a hearing assessment. One of the main reasons for delayed access and poor hearing aid uptake is the stigma associated with hearing loss. Recently, there have been several calls to promote earlier and easier access. Recommendations such as the de-medicalisation of NHS hearing aid services have been suggested. In agreement with this, this article argues that approaches to reduce hearing loss stigma should be prioritised. However, it also proposes that a reduced form of medicalisation, rather than a de-medicalised approach is required. Furthermore, in addition to what it refers to as ‘moderate-medicalisation’, this article argues that a less ‘older-age-focused’ NHS hearing service will facilitate earlier access to assessment and hearing technology. Some service delivery changes that will promote moderate-medicalisation and an age-neutral service are suggested

Comparative Monte Carlo analysis of InP- and GaN-based Gunn diodes

In this work, we report on Monte Carlo simulations to study the capability to generate Gunn oscillations of diodes based on InP and GaN with around 1 lm active region length. We compare the power spectral density of current sequences in diodes with and without notch for different lengths and two doping profiles. It is found that InP structures provide 400 GHz current oscillations for the fundamental harmonic in structures without notch and around 140 GHz in notched diodes. On the other hand, GaN diodes can operate up to 300 GHz for the fundamental harmonic, and when the notch is effective, a larger number of harmonics, reaching the Terahertz range, with higher spectral purity than in InP diodes are generated. Therefore, GaN-based diodes offer a high power alternative for sub-millimeter wave Gunn oscillations.European Commision (EC). Funding FP7/SP1/ICT. Project Code: 24384

Circumpolar Diversity and Geographic Differentiation of mtDNA in the Critically Endangered Antarctic Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia)

To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work.\ud This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action.The Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) was hunted to near extinction between 1904 and 1972, declining from an estimated initial abundance of more than 250,000 to fewer than 400. Here, we describe mtDNA control region diversity and geographic differentiation in the surviving population of the Antarctic blue whale, using 218 biopsy samples collected under the auspices of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) during research cruises from 1990-2009. Microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA sequences identified 166 individuals among the 218 samples and documented movement of a small number of individuals, including a female that traveled at least 6,650 km or 131 degrees longitude over four years. mtDNA sequences from the 166 individuals were aligned with published sequences from 17 additional individuals, resolving 52 unique haplotypes from a consensus length of 410 bp. From this minimum census, a rarefaction analysis predicted that only 72 haplotypes (95% CL, 64, 86) have survived in the contemporary population of Antarctic blue whales. However, haplotype diversity was relatively high (0.968 +/- 0.004), perhaps as a result of the longevity of blue whales and the relatively recent timing of the bottleneck. Despite the potential for circumpolar dispersal, we found significant differentiation in mtDNA diversity (F-ST = 0.032, p<0.005) and microsatellite alleles (F-ST = 0.005, p<0.05) among the six Antarctic Areas historically used by the IWC for management of blue whales

Kinetics of Phase Separation in Fluids: A Molecular Dynamics Study

We present results from extensive 3-d molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of phase separation kinetics in fluids. A coarse-graining procedure is used to obtain state-of-the-art MD results. We observe an extended period of temporally linear growth in the viscous hydrodynamic regime. The morphological similarity of coarsening in fluids and solids is also quantified. The velocity field is characterized by the presence of monopole-like defects, which yield a generalized Porod tail in the corresponding structure factor.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

El dilema de los precios predatorios: estrategias, teorías y problemas. Un análisis del Derecho de la competencia de la Unión Europea y Antitrust (Tema Central)

Predatory prices represent one of the most studied and complex anticompetitive practices of the competition law. For decade’s universities and courts around the world have tried to establish a test to verify their effectively occurrence. Nowadays, it doesn’t exist one central proof that demonstrates with clarity, when an agent commits predatory pricing or generates a benefit to the market. In principle, the predatory prices can only exist in atomized markets (oligopoly or monopoly), it is applied by economic agents with a dominant position that have the economic capacity to assume the market share of the eliminated competitors, and operate in a market with high entry barriers. All these elements reveals that predatory pricing is a multifaceted phenomenon, making it complex to prove its existence.Los precios predatorios representan una de las conductas anticompetitivas más estudiadas por el Derecho de la competencia. Durante décadas, universidades y tribunales de todo el mundo han tratado de establecer una prueba que permita comprobar su ocurrencia de forma efectiva. Hasta la actualidad, no existe una prueba central que permita identificar, con claridad, cuándo un agente ha incurrido en precios predatorios o ha generado un beneficio para el mercado. En principio, la predación de precios solo puede existir en mercados atomizados (oligopólicos u monopólicos), lo aplican agentes económicos con posición de dominio que cuentan con la capacidad económica de asumir la cuota de los competidores eliminados, y se desenvuelven en un mercado con elevadas barreras de entrada. Todos estos elementos revelan que la predación es un fenómeno multifacético, resultando complejo demostrar su existencia

A preliminary evaluation of LANDSAT-4 thematic mapper data for their geometric and radiometric accuracies

Some LANDSAT thematic mapper data collected over the eastern United States were analyzed for their whole scene geometric accuracy, band to band registration and radiometric accuracy. Band ratio images were created for a part of one scene in order to assess the capability of mapping geologic units with contrasting spectral properties. Systematic errors were found in the geometric accuracy of whole scenes, part of which were attributable to the film writing device used to record the images to film. Band to band registration showed that bands 1 through 4 were registered to within one pixel. Likewise, bands 5 and 7 also were registered to within one pixel. However, bands 5 and 7 were misregistered with bands 1 through 4 by 1 to 2 pixels. Band 6 was misregistered by 4 pixels to bands 1 through 4. Radiometric analysis indicated two kinds of banding, a modulo-16 stripping and an alternate light dark group of 16 scanlines. A color ratio composite image consisting of TM band ratios 3/4, 5/2, and 5/7 showed limonitic clay rich soils, limonitic clay poor soils, and nonlimonitic materials as distinctly different colors on the image