A Process for Producing Ice Coverage Marine Information Objects (MIOs) in IHO S-57 Format

While global warming may be opening up more Arctic waters in the summer, ice still infests key shipping lanes in the northern hemisphere during the winter months. To safely navigate these areas, mariners rely on daily ice coverage charts produced by national governmental agencies. Ice charts are primarily issued in paper format or as a fax. However, there is increased interest to ice coverage information on vessel navigation systems such as an Electronic Chart and Display Information Systems (ECDIS). However, to do so, the ice information must be provided as a separate layer of information to the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC)

Fantappie's group as an extension of special relativity on Cantorian space-time

In this paper we will analyze the Fantappie group and its properties in connection with Cantorian space-time. Our attention will be focused on the possibility of extending special relativity. The cosmological consequences of such extension appear relevant, since thanks to the Fantappie group, the model of the Big Bang and that of stationary state become compatible. In particular, if we abandon the idea of the existence of only one time gauge, since we do not see the whole Universe but only a projection, the two models become compatible. In the end we will see the effects of the projective fractal geometry also on the galactic and extra-galactic dynamics.Comment: 14 pages, accepted in Chaos, Solitons and Fractal

A Process for Producing Ice Coverage Marine Information Objects (MIOs) in IHO S-57 format

While global warming may be opening up more Arctic waters in the summer, ice still infests key shipping lanes in the northern hemisphere during the winter months. To safely navigate these areas, mariners rely on daily ice coverage charts produced by national governmental agencies. Ice charts are primarily issued in paper format or as a fax. However, there is increased interest to ice coverage information on vessel navigation systems such as an Electronic Chart and Display Information Systems (ECDIS). However, to do so, the ice information must be provided as a separate layer of information to the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC).Mientras que un calentamiento global puede aumentar la extension de las aguas ârticas en verano, el hieio sigue infestando las dénotas maritimas en el hemisferio septentrional durante los meses de invierno. Para navegar en estas zonas de forma segura, los navegantes conffan en las cartas de cobertura diaria del hielo producidas por agendas gubernamentales nacionales. Las cartas del hielo son editadas principaimente en formato impreso o como fax. Sin embargo, hay un interés creciente por la informaciôn de cobertura del hielo en los sistemas de navegaciôn de los buques, como por ejemplo en los Sistemas de Presentaciôn de las Cartas Electrônicas y de Informaciôn (ECDIS). Sin embargo, para producirlas, tiene que proporcionarse la informaciôn sobre el hielo como una serie de informaciôn separada para la Carta Electrônica de Navegaciôn (ENC).Bien que le réchauffement global puisse faire enfler les eaux arctiques en été, les glaces envahissent toujours les principaux couloirs de navigation dans l'hémisphère, pendant la saison hivernale. Afin de naviguer en toute sécurité dans ces zones, les navigateurs se fient aux cartes des glaces produites quotidiennement par les agences gouvernementales nationales. Les cartes des glaces sont essentiellement communiquées sous forme imprimée ou de télécopie. On note cependant un regain d’intérêt pour les informations sur la couverture des glaces, dans des systèmes de navigation maritime tel que l ’ECDIS (système de visualisation des cartes électroniques et d'information). Toutefois, pour ce faire, les renseignements sur les glaces doivent être transmis, en tant que « niveau » d’information distinct, aux Cartes électroniques de navigation (ENC)

Scale without Conformal Invariance: An Example

We give an explicit example of a model in D=4-epsilon space-time dimensions that is scale but not conformally invariant, is unitary, and has finite correlators. The invariance is associated with a limit cycle renormalization group (RG) trajectory. We also prove, to second order in the loop expansion, in D=4-epsilon, that scale implies conformal invariance for models of any number of real scalars. For models with one real scalar and any number of Weyl spinors we show that scale implies conformal invariance to all orders in perturbation theory.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, Erratum adde

Effective action for strongly correlated electron systems

The su(2|1) coherent-state path-integral representation of the partition function of the t - J model of strongly correlated electrons is derived at finite doping. The emergent effective action is compared to the one proposed earlier on phenomenological grounds by Shankar to describe holes in an antiferromagnet (Nucl.Phys. B330 (1990) 433). The t - J model effective action is found to have an important "extra" factor with no analogue in Shankar's action. It represents the local constraint of no double electron occupancy and reflects the rearrangement of the underlying phase-space manifold due to the presence of strong electron correlation. This important ingredient is shown to be essential to describe the physics of strongly correlated electron systems. Keywords: t - J model of strongly correlated electrons; su(2|1) coherent-state path integralComment: 22 page

Differential Association between HER2/neu and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer

The HER-2/neu oncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor and a member of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR/ErbB) family. Over-expression of this oncogene is known to contribute to pathogenesis and aggressive progression in breast cancer. On the other hand, angiogenesis is a physiological process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing ones; however it is essential for tumor growth and transitional from benign stage to malignant form and also fundamental process for metastasis of tumors. In this study the main aim was to investigate whether angiogenesis is the cause for increased aggressive behavior of HER2 overexpression subtype in breast cancer. A variety of approaches were employed to investigate the main aim: quantification of angiogenesis using a mouse cancer cells implanted model; Drabkin’s assay for hemoglobin measurement; morphology assessment of cell lines; Bio-Plex analysis of angiogenesis factors angiopoietin-2, follistatin, G-CSF, HGF, IL-8, Leptin, PDGF-BB, PECAM-1 and VEGF; and reverse transcriptase-PCR on VEGFA and HIF-1 alpha genes expression. The data from this study showed that the AU-565 cell line which over-expresses HER2 receptors showed a significant decrease in both tumor weight and hemoglobin measurement when the cells were treated with anti-HER2 implanted in nude mice. Also, the data showed an increased expression of angiogenic factors and genes (mainly VEGF, VEGFA, Angiopoietin, and IL-8) in AU-565 as compared to MCF-7 cells, which have low expression of HER2 receptors. This suggests that breast cancer with HER2/neuoncogenes is associated with more angiogenic activities that result in an increased aggressive behavior of this form of cancer

Formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies in the CDM Universe

We first review the results of the tidal stirring model for the transformation of gas-rich dwarf irregulars into dwarf spheroidals, which turns rotationally supported stellar systems into pressure supported ones. We emphasize the importance of the combined effect of ram pressure stripping and heating from the cosmic ultraviolet background in removing the gas and converting the object into a gas poor system as dSphs. We discuss how the timing of infall of dwarfs into the primary halo determines the final mass-to-light ratio and star formation history. Secondly we review the results of recent cosmological simulations of the formation of gas-rich dwarfs. These simulations are finally capable to produce a realistic object with no bulge, an exponential profile and a slowly rising rotation curve. The result owes to the inclusion of an inhomogeneous ISM and a star formation scheme based on regions having the typical density of molecular cloud complexes. Supernovae-driven winds become more effective in such mode, driving low angular momentum baryons outside the virial radius at high redshift and turning the dark matter cusp into a core. Finally we show the first tidal stirring experiments adopting dwarfs formed in cosmological simulations as initial conditions. The latter are gas dominated and have have turbulent thick gaseous and stellar disks disks that cannot develop strong bars, yet they are efficiently heated into spheroids by tidal shocks.Comment: 14 pages, 4 Figures, o appear in the proceedings of the CRAL conference, Lyon, June 2010, "A Universe of Dwarf Galaxies", eds. Philippe Prugniel & Mina Koleva; EDP Sciences in the European Astronomical Society Publications Series. (invited talk

Does the Fornax dwarf spheroidal have a central cusp or core?

The dark matter dominated Fornax dwarf spheroidal has five globular clusters orbiting at ~1 kpc from its centre. In a cuspy CDM halo the globulars would sink to the centre from their current positions within a few Gyrs, presenting a puzzle as to why they survive undigested at the present epoch. We show that a solution to this timing problem is to adopt a cored dark matter halo. We use numerical simulations and analytic calculations to show that, under these conditions, the sinking time becomes many Hubble times; the globulars effectively stall at the dark matter core radius. We conclude that the Fornax dwarf spheroidal has a shallow inner density profile with a core radius constrained by the observed positions of its globular clusters. If the phase space density of the core is primordial then it implies a warm dark matter particle and gives an upper limit to its mass of ~0.5 keV, consistent with that required to significantly alleviate the substructure problem.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, high resolution simulations include

Modified bacterial reaction centers

Pigments of borohydride-treated reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R 26 and Rhodopseudomonas viridis were analyzed by HPLC with polychromatic detection. In both species, pigment composition and contents were unchanged. Reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 were prepared in which bacteriochlorophylls (BA,B) and bacteriopheophytins (HA,B) were exchanged with their potential borohydride products reduced at C-31. [3-Hydroxyethyl]-BChl a exchanges selectively into the BA,B pockets, and 31-OH-BPh a to the HA,B pockets. Stable reaction centers are obtained in both cases. A comparison of the absorption and circular dichroism spectra of reaction centers after exchange with 31-OH pigments, and of borohydride-modified reaction centers, reveal distinct differences. It is concluded that during borohydride reduction none of the pigments is chemically modified or extracted from the reaction centers