Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Central auditory processing disorders: causes, symptoms, and ways to overcome deficits in the learning environments

Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPD) are impairments in the ability to recognize sounds, localize their sources, and/or determine their identity and meaning due to functional impairments of the central auditory system. CAPD is observed in individuals with normal hearing levels and is not the result of high-level speech or cognitive impairment. This disorder is not well known to Russian specialists in the field of correctional psychology, while according to foreign sources it is observed in 2&mdash;7% of schoolchildren and is often combined with other developmental disorders (dyslexia, speech developmental disorders, ASD, ADHD). Here we provide a brief review of CAPD: its causes, symptoms, and approaches to diagnosis. In particular, we draw the readers' attention to the insufficient development of tools and practices for diagnosing and treating CAPD in Russia. Next, we review current approaches to the correction of CAPD, with special emphasis on assistive technologies that improve the signal-to-noise ratio (FM systems). Evidence in the literature indicates that in addition to the immediate effect (improved speech understanding), prolonged use of FM systems has a positive long-term effect based on mechanisms of neural plasticity.</p