530 research outputs found
Beyond-Constant-Mass-Approximation Magnetic Catalysis in the Gauge Higgs-Yukawa Model
Beyond-constant-mass approximation solutions for magnetically catalyzed
fermion and scalar masses are found in a gauge Higgs-Yukawa theory in the
presence of a constant magnetic field. The obtained fermion masses are several
orders of magnitude larger than those found in the absence of Yukawa
interactions. The masses obtained within the beyond-constant-mass approximation
exactly reduce to the results within the constant-mass approach when the
condition is satisfied. Possible
applications to early universe physics and condensed matter are discussed.Comment: Revised numerical results. New figures. Several sections rewritte
Magnetism in Dense Quark Matter
We review the mechanisms via which an external magnetic field can affect the
ground state of cold and dense quark matter. In the absence of a magnetic
field, at asymptotically high densities, cold quark matter is in the
Color-Flavor-Locked (CFL) phase of color superconductivity characterized by
three scales: the superconducting gap, the gluon Meissner mass, and the
baryonic chemical potential. When an applied magnetic field becomes comparable
with each of these scales, new phases and/or condensates may emerge. They
include the magnetic CFL (MCFL) phase that becomes relevant for fields of the
order of the gap scale; the paramagnetic CFL, important when the field is of
the order of the Meissner mass, and a spin-one condensate associated to the
magnetic moment of the Cooper pairs, significant at fields of the order of the
chemical potential. We discuss the equation of state (EoS) of MCFL matter for a
large range of field values and consider possible applications of the magnetic
effects on dense quark matter to the astrophysics of compact stars.Comment: To appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in
magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A.
Schmitt, H.-U. Ye
Photon Propagation in Space-Time with a Compactified Spatial Dimension
The one-loop effects of vacuum polarization induced by untwisted fermions in
QED in a nonsimply connected space-time with topology are
investigated. It is found that photon propagation in this system is
anisotropic, appearing several massive photon modes and a superluminal
transverse mode. For small compactification radius , the superluminal
velocity increases logarithmically with . At low energies the photon masses
lead to an effective confinement of the gauge fields into a (2+1)-dimensional
manifold transverse to the compactified direction. The system shows a
topologically induced directional superconductivity.Comment: 5 pages, to appear in PL
Hypermagnetic Field Effects in the Thermal Bath of Chiral Fermions
The dispersion relations for leptons in the symmetric phase of the
electroweak model in the presence of a constant hypermagnetic field are
investigated. The one-loop fermion self-energies are calculated in the lowest
Landau level approximation and used to show that the hypermagnetic field
forbids the generation of the ''effective mass'' found as a pole of the
fermions' propagators at high temperature and zero fields. In the considered
approximation leptons behave as massless particles propagating only along the
direction of the external field. The reported results can be of interest for
the cosmological implications of primordial hypermagnetic fields.Comment: 5 page
Neutrino Propagation in a Strongly Magnetized Medium
We derive general expressions at the one-loop level for the coefficients of
the covariant structure of the neutrino self-energy in the presence of a
constant magnetic field. The neutrino energy spectrum and index of refraction
are obtained for neutral and charged media in the strong-field limit () using the lowest Landau level
approximation. The results found within the lowest Landau level approximation
are numerically validated, summing in all Landau levels, for strong and weakly-strong fields. The neutrino energy in
leading order of the Fermi coupling constant is expressed as the sum of three
terms: a kinetic-energy term, a term of interaction between the magnetic field
and an induced neutrino magnetic moment, and a rest-energy term. The leading
radiative correction to the kinetic-energy term depends linearly on the
magnetic field strength and is independent of the chemical potential. The other
two terms are only present in a charged medium. For strong and weakly-strong
fields, it is found that the field-dependent correction to the neutrino energy
in a neutral medium is much larger than the thermal one. Possible applications
to cosmology and astrophysics are considered.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures. Corrected misprints in reference
Boundary Effects in the Magnetic Catalysis of Chiral Symmetry Breaking
The catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking by an applied constant magnetic
field and in the presence of boundaries along third axis is investigated in the
four-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is shown that in case of periodic
boundary conditions for fermions the magnetic field breaks the chiral symmetry,
generating a dynamical mass even at the weakest attractive interaction between
fermions. For antiperiodic boundary conditions the effect of the finite third
dimension is to counteract the chiral symmetry breaking.Comment: 7 pages, revtex. Typos are corrected, references updated and new ones
included, and added the calculation of the critical length in case of twisted
fermion
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge theories via Bose-Einstein condensation
We propose a mechanism naturally leading to the spontaneous symmetry breaking
in a gauge theory. The Higgs field is assumed to have global and gauged
internal symmetries. We associate a non zero chemical potential to one of the
globally conserved charges commuting with all of the gauge transformations.
This induces a negative mass squared for the Higgs field triggering the
spontaneous symmetry breaking of the global and local symmetries. The mechanism
is general and we test the idea for the electroweak theory in which the Higgs
sector is extended to possess an extra global Abelian symmetry. To this
symmetry we associate a non zero chemical potential. The Bose-Einstein
condensation of the Higgs leads, at tree level, to modified dispersion
relations for the Higgs field while the dispersion relations of the gauge
bosons and fermions remain undisturbed. The latter are modified through higher
order corrections. We have computed some corrections to the vacuum
polarizations of the gauge bosons and fermions. To quantify the corrections to
the gauge boson vacuum polarizations with respect to the Standard Model we
considered the effects on the T parameter. We finally derive the one loop
modified fermion dispersion relations.Comment: RevTeX 4, 13 pages. Added references and corrected typo
Phase Transition in Anyon Superconductivity at Finite Temperature
The magnetic response of the charged anyon fluid at temperatures larger than
the fermion energy gap is investigated in the self-consistent field
approximation. In this temperature region a new phase, characterized by an
inhomogeneous magnetic penetration, is found. The inhomogeneity is linked to
the existence of an imaginary magnetic mass which increases with the
temperature. The system stability in the new phase is proved by investigating
the electromagnetic field rest-energy spectrum.Comment: 18 pages, revte
Magnetothermal Conductivity of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite in the Quantum Limit
We report on the magnetic field (0TT) dependence of the
longitudinal thermal conductivity of highly oriented pyrolytic
graphite in the temperature range 5 K 20 K for fields parallel to
the axis. We show that shows large oscillations in the
high-field region (B > 2 T) where clear signs of the Quantum-Hall effect are
observed in the Hall resistance. With the measured longitudinal electrical
resistivity we show that the Wiedemann-Franz law is violated in the high-field
regime.Comment: 4 Figures, to be published in Physical Review B (2003
Chiral fermion mass and dispersion relations at finite temperature in the presence of hypermagnetic fields
We study the modifications to the real part of the thermal self-energy for
chiral fermions in the presence of a constant external hypermagnetic field. We
compute the dispersion relation for fermions occupying a given Landau level to
first order in g'^2, g^2 and g_phi^2 and to all orders in g'B, where g' and g
are the U(1)_Y and SU(2)_L couplings of the standard model, respectively, g_phi
is the fermion Yukawa coupling, and B is the hypermagnetic field strength. We
show that in the limit where the temperature is large compared to sqrt{g'B},
left- and right-handed modes acquire finite and different B-dependent masses
due to the chiral nature of their coupling with the external field. Given the
current bounds on the strength of primordial magnetic fields, we argue that the
above is the relevant scenario to study the effects of magnetic fields on the
propagation of fermions prior and during the electroweak phase transition.Comment: 11 pages 4 figures, published versio
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