La sociedad del futuro: una mirada a través del dibujo infantil

Indudablemente el dibujo como método de representación del pensamiento del niño ofrece un recurso de análisis invaluable para introducirnos a su mundo particular de percepción e interpretación de la realidad. En cada dibujo el niño nos revela el contenido simbólico de su discurso presente frente a las situaciones cotidianas que le toca vivir; por lo que medir su contenido simbólico nos ayuda a identificar, a través de sus dibujos, los elementos significativos que le dan forma y a qué espacio de conocimiento pertenecen, y si éstos proceden directamente de su mundo cotidiano o provienen de otras fuentes de influencia. Ampliar la mirada disciplinaria en este sentido, supone ampliar los resultados del análisis del dibujo infantil. El presente artículo presenta al niño y al dibujo como una sola unidad discursiva y destaca la necesidad de vincular distintas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales en el estudio y análisis del dibujo infantil, buscando de esta forma una aproximación integral a su realidad particular. Para realizar este trabajo se les solicitó a niños en edad escolar de distintas ciudades de países de América Latina (Los Ángeles, Chile; Santa Ana, El Salvador y Chihuahua, México), que dibujaran acerca de La Sociedad del Futuro. En este ejercicio es posible percibir las determinantes locales de su realidad concreta y puntual que, al mismo tiempo, nos entrega elementos iniciales para hacer algunos acercamientos latinoamericanos sobre temas relevantes de estructuración social y cultural

Professional Competencies for Quality and Effective Attention to Children Exposed to Gender-based Violence

Esta investigación persigue identificar competencias profesionales que resultan claves en los equipos multidisciplinares que atienden a menores expuestos/as a violencia de género. Concretamente, participan 48 profesionales de diferentes perfiles formativos y laborales, como son psicología, educación y trabajo social. Se tienen en cuenta las experiencias individuales en las funciones laborales de cada perfil para identificar las competencias profesionales. Seguimos un método de corte fenomenológico feminista, recogiendo datos a través de entrevistas y esquemas que pasan a analizarse adoptando un enfoque temático y de teoría fundamentada con apoyo de software especializado. Los resultados muestran tres tipos de competencias asociadas a diferentes ámbitos experienciales. Entre las competencias básicas destacan los conocimientos sobre los procesos traumáticos, los servicios de atención y sus distintas funciones y la educación emocional; competencias técnicas como la capacidad para gestionar el sentimiento de culpabilidad del/de la menor, la capacidad para coordinarse con otros/as profesionales, el autocuidado y la autoconciencia; y competencias transversales como la empatía, escucha activa y asertividad. Se discute la relevancia de los aportes para el diseño de planes de estudio y las implicaciones para una formación especializada y transdisciplinarThis research aims to identify professional competencies which are key in multidisciplinary teams that attend to children exposed to gender-based violence. Specifically, 48 professionals from different training and work profiles such as psychology, education and social work participated in this study. The individual experiences and job functions in each profile are considered to identify professional competencies. We follow a feminist phenomenological method, collecting data through interviews and schemes that are analyzed adopting a thematic and fundamental theory approach with the support of specialized software. The results show three types of competencies associated with different experiential areas. The basic skills are knowledge about traumatic processes, care services and their different functions and emotional education; technical competencies such as the ability to manage the minor’s feeling of guilt, the ability to coordinate with other professionals, self-care, and self-awareness; and transversal skills like empathy, active listening and assertiveness. The relevance of the contributions for the design of study plans and the implications for specialized and transdisciplinary training are discussed

The zika virus disease: An overview

The zika virus, another re-emerging Flavivirus transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, is responsible for the most recent fever outbreak in the Americas and the Pacific, starting in 2015. The immunologically naïve population in the Americas favors the spread of epidemics. The zika fever is characterized by febrile illness, malaise, conjunctivitis and a maculopapular rash. Similar to other arboviroses recently spread in the Americas, there is no specific or effective antiviral therapy and vaccines are still in trials. The only effective preventive measures consist of individual protection against mosquito bites and vector control. This febrile illness increases the epidemiological and public health challenge existing in America, where the population is already fighting against dengue and chikungunya fever. Disease prevention is important due to the economic burden it entails. The fact of sexual and transfusion virus transmission is a great challenge to overcome. Doctors need to distinguish between dengue, chikungunya and other diseases to give a successful treatment and prevent the disease spreading

A Light Calibration System for the ProtoDUNE-DP Detector

A LED-based fiber calibration system for the ProtoDUNE-Dual Phase (DP) photon detection system (PDS) has been designed and validated. ProtoDUNE-DP is a 6x6x6 m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber currently being installed at the Neutrino Platform at CERN. The PDS is based on 36 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and will allow triggering on cosmic rays. The system serves as prototype for the PDS of the final DUNE DP far detector in which the PDS also has the function to allow the 3D event reconstruction on non-beam physics. For this purpose an equalized PMT response is desirable to allow using the same threshold definition for all PMT groups, simplifying the determination of the trigger efficiency. The light calibration system described in this paper is developed to provide this and to monitor the PMT performance in-situ.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Statistics of galaxy warps in the HDF North and South

We present a statistical study of the presence of galaxy warps in the Hubble deep fields. Among a complete sample of 45 edge-on galaxies above a diameter of 1.''3, we find 5 galaxies to be certainly warped and 6 galaxies as good candidates. In addition, 4 galaxies reveal a characteristic U-warp. Compared to statistical studies of local warps, and taking into account the strong bias against observing the outer parts of galaxies at high redshift, these numbers point towards a very high frequency of warps at z \sim 1: almost all galaxy discs might be warped. Furthermore, the amplitude of warps are stronger than for local warps. This is easily interpreted in terms of higher galaxy interactions and matter accretion in the past. This result supports these two mechanisms as the best candidates for the origin of early warps. The mean observed axis ratio of our sample of edge-on galaxies is significantly larger in the high-z sample than is found for samples of local spiral galaxies. This might be due to disk thickening due to more frequent galaxy interactions.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted in A and

Eutrophication and macroalgal blooms in temperate and tropical coastal waters: Nutrient enrichment experiments with Ulva spp.

Receiving coastal waters and estuaries are among the most nutrient-enriched environments on earth, and one of the symptoms of the resulting eutrophication is the proliferation of opportunistic, fast-growing marine seaweeds. Here, we used a widespread macroalga often involved in blooms, Ulva spp., to investigate how supply of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), the two main potential growth-limiting nutrients, influence macroalgal growth in temperate and tropical coastal waters ranging from low- to high-nutrient supplies. We carried out N and P enrichment field experiments on Ulva spp. in seven coastal systems, with one of these systems represented by three different subestuaries, for a total of nine sites. We showed that rate of growth of Ulva spp. was directly correlated to annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations, where growth increased with increasing DIN concentration. Internal N pools of macroalgal fronds were also linked to increased DIN supply, and algal growth rates were tightly coupled to these internal N pools. The increases in DIN appeared to be related to greater inputs of wastewater to these coastal waters as indicated by high δ15N signatures of the algae as DIN increased. N and P enrichment experiments showed that rate of macroalgal growth was controlled by supply of DIN where ambient DIN concentrations were low, and by P where DIN concentrations were higher, regardless of latitude or geographic setting. These results suggest that understanding the basis for macroalgal blooms, and management of these harmful phenomena, will require information as to nutrient sources, and actions to reduce supply of N and P in coastal waters concerned.Fil: Teichberg, Mirta. Leibniz Center For Tropical Marine Research; AlemaniaFil: Fox, Sophia E.. Marine Biological Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Olsen, Ylva S.. Bangor University; Reino UnidoFil: Valiela, Ivan. Marine Biological Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Martinetto, Paulina Maria del Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Muto, Elizabeti Yuriko. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Petti, Monica A.V.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Corbisier, Thaïs N.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Soto-Jiménez, Martín. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Páez-Osuna, Federico. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Castro, Paula. University Of Coimbra; BrasilFil: Freitas, Helena. University Of Coimbra; BrasilFil: Zitelli, Andreina. Università Iuav Di Venezia; ItaliaFil: Cardinaletti, Massimo. Gruppo Veritas; ItaliaFil: Tagliapietra, Davide. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Itali

Equilibrio trabajo-familia, estrategias de afrontamiento y satisfacción laboral en trabajadores de empresas privadas de la Región del Maule.

78 p.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si existe alguna relación entre el Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia, las Estrategias de Afrontamiento y la Satisfacción Laboral en trabajadores de empresas privadas de la región del Maule, Talca. A los 100 trabajadores se les administró el Cuestionario de Interacción Trabajo- Familia, SWING (Moreno, Sanz, Rodríguez & Geurts, 2009), Cuestionario de Afrontamiento COPE (de Crespo & Cruzado, 1997), y el cuestionario de satisfacción laboral S20/23, creado por Meliá & Peiró en 1998. Con el objetivo de obtener mayores antecedentes y realizar un análisis más preciso se aplicó en conjunto un Registro de Antecedentes Sociodemográfico a los trabajadores.Se observa que en relación a las estrategias de afrontamiento, la estrategia “centrada en el problema” específicamente, correlacionó con la satisfacción laboral, y el estilo de afrontamiento “centrado en la emoción” en cambio, mostró relaciones positivas y significativas sólo con la satisfacción con la supervisión y la satisfacción intrínseca del trabajo. Se concluye que no se apreciaron correlaciones entre el equilibrio trabajo-familia con las estrategias de afrontamiento ni con la satisfacción laboral, sin embargo se observó que la relación entre el estilo de afrontamiento centrado en el problema y la satisfacción laboral total, presentó un efecto indirecto significativo a través de la interacción positiva entre trabajo y familia.Palabras claves: equilibrio trabajo-familia, estrategias de afrontamiento y satisfacción laboral

Behavior analysis of real wages in Mexico (1995-2018)

Objective: To determine through econometric analysis which variables —inflation, real exchange rate, unemployment, and consumption— have a major impact on workers' wages and, therefore, on production. Design/Methodology/Approach: We developed a multiple linear regression model for the behavior of macroeconomic variables in Mexico from 1995 to 2018, using the ordinary least squares method (OLS) and the Gretl statistical package. Results: The analysis of the model showed that inflation, exchange rate, and unemployment are highly significant, unlike consumption. For the model of real wages in Mexico, we obtained a 0.87 coefficient of determination —i.e., the variables included in the model account for 87% of the wages’ behavior. The relation of consumption, unemployment, and inflation to wages was as expected. Regarding the exchange rate, the result was the opposite of the expectations. The wage-unemployment elasticity had the greatest impact. Study Limitations/Implications: The database used was the main limitation because it relies on official sources, which lack data and show inconsistencies. Findings/Conclusions: The study helped to determine whether or not the proposed variables affected the national economic growth. Mexico is not a first-world country than can offer high salaries; therefore, the Mexican economy must continue to grow, before it reaches a higher per capita income. In this regard, it is essential to consider the extent to which the new government’s proposals will be able to face the reality: very few and very low-quality jobs are created, despite what the official figures say