Species composition, distribution and ecology of the demersal fish community along the Norwegian coast north of Stad under varying environmental conditions

In the last decades, temperatures of the Atlantic current that enters the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) has been above the yearly average, with 2007 as the warmest registration on record (Skagseth 2012). The climatic changes in recent years are likely to have large-scale ecological consequences for the marine demersal fish-populations, especially in arctic latitudes. Many studies have been conducted in areas of the Barents Sea related to the community structure of marine fish, while little is still known about these changes in areas bordering the Norwegian Sea. This study uses catch and CTD data collected in both coastal areas/inner fjords and open ocean bank areas between Stad (62 oN) and Varanger (71.3 oN) by The Institute of Marine Research (IMR) from 1995, 2005 and 2017. This thesis investigates the changes found in distribution, composition and species richness in areas of the Norwegian coast for 86 marine demersal fish from 33 different families in the last 20 years and represent an essential knowledge baseline about both commercial and non-commercial species in this area that has previously been an area of little focus. The data show that there has been marked northward shifts in spatial distribution for the majority of species. Many increased clearly in abundance at high latitudes in the warmer years, hinting at more favourable conditions due to climate change, which are leading species to become more established in these areas. Such trends are most pronounced for large, boreal generalist such as cod (Gadus morhua), Norway redfish (Sesbastes viviparus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus). A large number of demersal species have been registered in 2005 and 2017 that were not present along the Norwegian coast in 1995. There has also been an observed shift for many species to move further from the coast, and into open ocean areas in more recent years. The trends observed are overall consistent with the recorded increases in temperatures of the same years, supporting a claim of a large-scale climate related changes in distribution and abundance. Finally, the data revealed that species composition has changed significantly on a south-north gradient between the years. Species composition from 1995 to 2017 was also found being significantly (p<0.05) related to the changes (i.e. increase) in temperature, fishing depth and the eight subareas investigated along the Norwegian coast.Masteroppgave i biologiBIO399MAMN-BI

Tilbakeføring av barn etter omsorgsovertakelse. Om nyere praksis fra EMD og Høyesterett har hatt betydning for tolkningen av vilkårene i bvl. § 4-21

Formålet med oppgaven er å se om nyere praksis fra EMD og Høyesterett har medført endringer ved tolkning av vilkårene om tilbakeføring etter bvl. § 4-21. Med nyere praksis menes det hovedsakelig avgjørelser fra tiden mellom 2018 og 2020. Det skal sees nærmere på behandlingsprosessen av myndighetene i saker som gjelder omsorgsovertakelse og tilbakeføring, hvordan rettspraksis tolker vilkårene for tilbakeføring, og hvordan de vektlegger relevante hensyn og prinsipper

Database mining and first-principles assessment of organic proton-transfer ferroelectrics

In organic proton-transfer ferroelectrics (OPTFe), molecules are linked together in a hydrogen-bonded network and proton transfer (PT) between molecules is the dominant mechanism of ferroelectric switching. Their fast switching frequencies make them attractive alternatives to conventional ceramic ferroelectrics, which contain rare and/or toxic elements, and require high processing temperatures. In this study, we mined the Cambridge Structural Database for potential OPTFes, uncovering all previously reported compounds, both tautomers and co-crystals, in addition to seven new candidate tautomers. The mining was based on identifying polar crystal structures with pseudo center-of-symmetry and viable PT paths. The spontaneous polarization and PT barriers were assessed using density functional theory

Discovering Ferroelectric Plastic (Ionic) Crystals in the Cambridge Structural Database: Database Mining and Computational Assessment

Hybrid or organic plastic crystals have the potential as lead-free alternatives to conventional inorganic ferroelectrics. These materials are gaining attention for their multiaxial ferroelectricity, above-room-temperature Curie temperatures, and low-temperature synthesis. Here, we report a screening study of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) resulting in 55 new candidate plastic and plastic ionic ferroelectric molecular crystals, along with 16 previously reported ferroelectrics. With over 1.2 million entries in the CSD, the screening procedure involved many steps, including considerations of molecular geometry and size, space group, and hydrogen bonding pattern. The spontaneous polarization and electronic band gaps were predicted using density functional theory. 21 of the candidate ferroelectrics have a polarization greater than $10 \mathrm{{\mu}C/cm^2}$, out of which nine are reported at room temperature

Ferroelectric Crystals of Globular Molecules: Cambridge Structural Database Mining and Computational Assessment

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Marine Impacts and Environmental Consequences—Drilling of the Mjølnir Structure, the Barents Sea

In September 2007, thirty-three scientists attended an international workshop in Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) to discuss impacts of extraterrestrial bodies into marine environment and to prepare for the drilling of the 142-Ma-old Mjølnir impact structure in the Barents Sea (Fig. 1; Gudlaugsson, 1993; Dypvik et al., 1996, Tsikalas et al., 1998). A field trip visited the ejecta layer in the Janusfjellet Mountain in Isfjorden, just outside Longyearbyen (Fig. 2). The workshop focused on two topics: 1) mechanisms of marine impact cratering including ejecta formation and distribution, geothermal reactions, and the formation of tsunami, and 2) environmental effects of marine impacts. Both topics are highly relevant to the Mjølnir event and the geological evolution of the Arctic, as well as to the biological changes at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Against thisbackground were a) concrete drilling targets formulated, b) plans outlined for compiling data from existing geological and geophysical surveys as the basis for Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drilling proposals, and c) a steering group and science teams established for compiling old and new material as a foundation for the developmentof drilling proposal

Shaking and splashing—A case study of far-field effects of the Mjølnir asteroid impact on depositional environments in the Barents Sea

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Preliminary site report for the 2005 ICDP-USGS deep corehole in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater

First report for the ICDP-USGS 1.7-km-deep corehole drilled into the central part of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater during 2005

The Alliance for Recovery Research in Music Therapy

The mental health recovery movement recognises the importance of expertise by experience held by service users alongside healthcare practitioners. Recovery has gained attention in music therapy but a situation prevails where practitioners and researchers set research agendas. A group of music therapists recognised the absence of service user voices in music therapy research, and in 2017 they established a network called the Alliance for Recovery Research in Music Therapy (ARRIMT). In 2020, they started to develop a multi-national platform to explore mental health recovery in relation to research. Service users and music therapists were invited from three countries including Ireland, Norway, and the United Kingdom (UK). Local meetings were held to introduce stakeholders from each country, followed by three online meetings. Music was central to each meeting and each built upon content from previous meetings. Our conversations opened up new possibilities for working together. Four priorities for practice and research were identified: Music as a connector; music between sessions; music technology; and, online music therapy. This report will share our process and what we learnt from working together. We contextualise our work within concepts of foregrounding and mattering and view this work as a crucial step towards meaningful co-production. We reflect upon the role of music in building group identity alongside the importance of careful curation. Finally, we present ideas for future music therapy and mental health research. Group DescriptionIn 2018 the Alliance for Recovery Research in Music Therapy (ARRIMT) was founded as an international group of music therapy service users, researchers and practitioners from Australia, Ireland, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Fundamental to this group is the concept of recovery where those who use and those who provide mental health services work together to share knowledge and experiences that can have a positive impact on mental health service delivery. Key to this is listening carefully to the voices of those who use music therapy so that their views and experiences influence how music therapy is offered in mental health services. The founders and coordinators of the group are Tríona McCaffrey, Hans Petter Paulen Solli, and Catherine E. Carr. Other members of the group are Cornelia Bent, Darmuid Boyle, Oda Bjørke Dypvik, Kenneth Dybdahl, Tommy Hayes, Lauren M. Hickling, Jane Fernandez, Anne Malerbakken, Brendan Ruddy, and Torgrim Vågan.</jats:p

ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer RLS, a tool for the potential recognition of wet target craters on Mars

In the present work, NIR, LIBS, Raman and XRD techniques have been complementarily used to carry out a comprehensive characterization of a terrestrial analogue selected from the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure (CBIS). The obtained data clearly highlight the key role of Raman spectroscopy in the detection of minor and trace compounds, through which inferences about geological processes occurred in the CBIS can be extrapolated. Beside the use of commercial systems, further Raman analyses were performed by the Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) ExoMars Simulator. This instrument represents the most reliable tool to effectively predict the scientific capabilities of the ExoMars/Raman system that will be deployed on Mars in 2021. By emulating the analytical procedures and operational restrictions established by the ExoMars mission rover design, it was proved that the RLS ExoMars Simulator is able to detect the amorphization of quartz, which constitutes an analytical clue of the impact origin of craters. On the other hand, the detection of barite and siderite, compounds crystallizing under hydrothermal conditions, helps to indirectly confirm the presence of water in impact targets. Furthermore, the RLS ExoMars Simulator capability of performing smart molecular mappings was also evaluated. According to the obtained results, the algorithms developed for its operation provide a great analytical advantage over most of the automatic analysis systems employed by commercial Raman instruments, encouraging its application for many additional scientific and commercial purposes