Open geometry Fourier modal method: Modeling nanophotonic structures in infinite domains

We present an open geometry Fourier modal method based on a new combination of open boundary conditions and an efficient $k$-space discretization. The open boundary of the computational domain is obtained using basis functions that expand the whole space, and the integrals subsequently appearing due to the continuous nature of the radiation modes are handled using a discretization based on non-uniform sampling of the $k$-space. We apply the method to a variety of photonic structures and demonstrate that our method leads to significantly improved convergence with respect to the number of degrees of freedom, which may pave the way for more accurate and efficient modeling of open nanophotonic structures

Calculation, normalization and perturbation of quasinormal modes in coupled cavity-waveguide systems

We show how one can use a non-local boundary condition, which is compatible with standard frequency domain methods, for numerical calculation of quasinormal modes in optical cavities coupled to waveguides. In addition, we extend the definition of the quasinormal mode norm by use of the theory of divergent series to provide a framework for modeling of optical phenomena in such coupled cavity-waveguide systems. As an example, we apply the framework to study perturbative changes in the resonance frequency and Q value of a photonic crystal cavity coupled to a defect waveguide.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Impact of slow-light enhancement on optical propagation in active semiconductor photonic crystal waveguides

We derive and validate a set of coupled Bloch wave equations for analyzing the reflection and transmission properties of active semiconductor photonic crystal waveguides. In such devices, slow-light propagation can be used to enhance the material gain per unit length, enabling, for example, the realization of short optical amplifiers compatible with photonic integration. The coupled wave analysis is compared to numerical approaches based on the Fourier modal method and a frequency domain finite element technique. The presence of material gain leads to the build-up of a backscattered field, which is interpreted as distributed feedback effects or reflection at passive-active interfaces, depending on the approach taken. For very large material gain values, the band structure of the waveguide is perturbed, and deviations from the simple coupled Bloch wave model are found.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Dogmatism and inequality: Effects on affect and performance

An experiment was conducted to examine the relationships among dogmatism, perceived fairness, and subjects’ affective responses and performance effectiveness. One hundred and twenty male and female university students were divided into three equity treatment groups: equity, and inequity with ability or without ability to control their inputs. Each inequity group was informed that greater inputs were demanded of them than were demanded of the other groups in exchange for the same rewards. Subjects were also blocked on three levels of dogmatism. Each dependent variable was subjected to analysis of variance in a 3 X 3 factorial design. Inequity with input-control subjects reduced performance, while those experiencing inequity without control reduced affect, in order to restore equity. Dogmatism appeared to moderate the relationship between equity and affect. Dogmatism was inversely related to perceived equity and to affect. However, dogmatism was independent of performance effectiveness. Equity was the single factor affecting performance. Evidently, dogmatism, as an index of an individual\u27s value system, relates to behavior in a manner that supports previous research in Social Exchange, Protestant Ethic, and Equity theories

Modeling open nanophotonic systems using the Fourier modal method: Generalization to 3D Cartesian coordinates

Recently, an open geometry Fourier modal method based on a new combination of an open boundary condition and a non-uniform $k$-space discretization was introduced for rotationally symmetric structures providing a more efficient approach for modeling nanowires and micropillar cavities [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 33, 1298 (2016)]. Here, we generalize the approach to three-dimensional (3D) Cartesian coordinates allowing for the modeling of rectangular geometries in open space. The open boundary condition is a consequence of having an infinite computational domain described using basis functions that expand the whole space. The strength of the method lies in discretizing the Fourier integrals using a non-uniform circular "dartboard" sampling of the Fourier $k$ space. We show that our sampling technique leads to a more accurate description of the continuum of the radiation modes that leak out from the structure. We also compare our approach to conventional discretization with direct and inverse factorization rules commonly used in established Fourier modal methods. We apply our method to a variety of optical waveguide structures and demonstrate that the method leads to a significantly improved convergence enabling more accurate and efficient modeling of open 3D nanophotonic structures

FACTORS IMPACTING PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE OF AN LGBT CHILD

Chrisler’s (2017) Theoretical Framework of Parental Reactions When a Child Comes Out as Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual suggests that parental reactions to having a non-heteronormative child are impacted by a process of cognitively appraising information about their child’s identity and experiencing and coping with emotional responses, both of which are influenced by contextual factors such as a parent’s value system. However, some religious values can challenge parents in the process of accepting a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) child. The purpose of this study was to test a model that examines the influence of cognitive-affective factors (cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation), religious-value based factors (religious fundamentalism, parental sanctification), and gender and sexual identity on self-reported parental acceptance. Participants were 663 parents of LGBT children who submitted responses to an online survey. A Tobit regression with a single-indicator latent variable approach revealed that religious fundamentalism, parental sanctification, the control component of cognitive flexibility, parent gender, and parent sexual identity significantly predicted parental acceptance. Lower religious fundamentalism, higher parental sanctification, and higher cognitive flexibility scores were associated with parental acceptance of an LGBT child. Participants identifying as a woman or LGB parent also significantly predicted acceptance. Implications of findings are discussed