Aproximación terminológica a una parcela de la física renacentista

La física tiene como objetivo describir los fenómenos naturales y estudiar las propiedades de la materia y energía. Nuestro trabajo parte de una selección terminológica extraída de un elenco de textos científicos renacentistas integrados en el corpus del Diccionario de la Ciencia y de la Técnica del Renacimiento (DICTER), de índole matemática, que designa la composición y funcionamiento de un instrumento empleado para efectuar mediciones de masas, la balanza, pero se extiende a aplicaciones empíricas en la artillería y en la ingeniería. Señalamos los vocablos que tienen como referentes las partes constituyentes, o merónimos: cabeza, brazos, balanzas, fiel o fil, dirección; algunas características y propiedades de su funcionamiento: equilibra, equilibrio, equilibrar, equilibridad, igual, igualdad y los antónimos desigual, desigualdad; destacamos la presencia de determinadas unidades pluriverbales con función nominal clasificadora: peso de cruz, balança de un peso, balança de equilibra; fil del aire; fil de equilibra; línea de dirección, línea de igualdad, punto de igualdad, sitio de igualdad, etc., así como algunas locuciones: estar en fiel; en balanza, en equilibra, etc. Procedemos a un estudio de la etimología y origen de estas voces, así como a ofrecer las variantes que presentan en los textos y detalles de su datación y cronología, haciendo hincapié en los aspectos neológicos. Asimismo, hacemos aflorar diferentes sentidos o acepciones, contrastados con los proporcionados por diferentes repertorios lexicográficos, sincrónicos y diacrónicos, que verificamos mediante los correspondientes ejemplos. De todo ello extraemos las pertinentes conclusiones que arrojan alguna luz sobre este concreto campo científico en la época renacentista.The aim of physics is the description of natural phenomena and the study of the properties of matter and energy. This study is based on a terminological selection of scientific mathematical Renaissance texts integrated in the corpus of Diccionario de la Ciencia y de la Técnica del Renacimiento (DICTER), which designates the composition and the way in which an instrument for measurements, such as scales, operates. This terminology also covers the empirical implementation of these lexemes in artillery and engineering. This study focuses on words whose referents are constitutive parts or meronyms: cabeza, brazos, balanzas, fiel o fil, dirección. It specifies the characteristics and properties of their usage: equilibra, equilibrio, equilibrar, equilibridad, igual, igualdad, and their antonyms: desigual, desigualdad. We highlight the presence of certain verbal units with a classifying nominal function: peso de cruz, balança de un peso, balança de equilibra; fil del aire; fil de equilibra; línea de dirección, línea de igualdad, punto de igualdad, sitio de igualdad, etc., and some idioms such as: estar en fiel; en balanza, en equilibra, etc. This study also considers the etymology and origin of these words and their variants, dwells on details of dating, chronology, and neological aspects. Based on different synchronic or diachronic lexicographical repertoires, this paper also studies the different meanings of these terms, which are illustrated with corresponding examples. This research sheds new light on this specific scientific domain of the Renaissance period

LOS TEXTOS DE CANTERÍA DEL RENACIMIENTO: PECULIARIDADES LÉXICAS

A partir de un grupo de textos de cantería, construcción y arquitectura del Diccionario de la Ciencia y de la Técnica del Renacimiento, se ofrece una panorámica sobre las principales características del léxico de la cantería renacentista. Así, se muestran las peculiaridades del vocabulario geométrico de los canteros, la procedencia mediterránea y oriental de los numerosos préstamos y los procedimientos de neología de sentido aplicados en este registro

Testimonios de variación gráfica en el léxico científico-técnico del Renacimiento a través del DICTER

Obra completa disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/2183/2796

Efectos de los incentivos para energías renovables en Colombia

RESUMEN: Introducción: En este artículo se estudian los efectos potenciales de la nueva regulación para promover el desarrollo de las tecnologías renovables en Colombia. Métodos: Se estableció una metodología para incluir los efectos de los incentivos de impuestos en el cálculo de los Costos Nivelados de Energía Eléctrica (LCOE, por su sigla en inglés). Se analizaron dos incentivos: deducción de impuestos en la inversión y depreciación acelerada de activos. Resultados: Los primeros cálculos muestran hasta un 20% de reducción en los LCOE; desafortunadamente, la regulación no permite que pequeños o nuevos proyectos puedan aplicar a todos los incentivos. Por esta razón, se propusieron dos mecanismos complementarios para permitir que pequeños proyectos puedan aplicar a los incentivos. Como resultado se obtiene 30% de reducción en los LCOE para generación fotovoltaica y 15% para generación basada en biomasa forestal. Conclusiones: El factor fiscal deducido permite el cálculo directo de los LCOE ajustados y evita la elaboración de extensos flujos de caja. El alto potencial de biomasa en Colombia y los mecanismos propuestos permiten obtener LCOE menores que los precios de paridad de red en la mayoría de las zonas no interconectadas. Esto representa una gran oportunidad en Colombia, dado el gran potencial de este recurso y la posibilidad de crear nuevas oportunidades de empleo.ABSTRACT: Introduction: This paper studies the potential effects of a new regulation to promote the development of renewable energy technologies in Colombia. Methods: This work establishes a methodology to include the effects of tax incentives in the calculation of the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). Two incentives are analyzed: tax deductions on the investment and accelerated depreciation on assets. Results: The first calculation shows up to 20% reduction in the LCOE; unfortunately, the regulation restricts small or new business from applying for all incentives. For this reason, two complementary mechanisms are proposed to allow small business ventures, such as forest biomass projects, to apply for incentives. As a result, a 30% reduction in the LCOE is obtained for photovoltaics (PV) and 15% for forest biomass. Conclusions: The deducted tax factor permits the direct computation of a tax-adjusted LCOE, avoiding extensive cash flow calculations. The high potential of biomass resources in Colombia and the proposed mechanisms can push LCOE prices lower than the grid parity cost in most isolated regions. This represents a great opportunity in Colombia because of the huge amount of biomass resources and the potential to create new job opportunities

Hierarchical radiative masses in a supersymmetric three-family model without Higgsinos

ABSTRACT: We study the scalar potential and the mass spectrum of the supersymmetric extension of a three-family model based on the local gauge group SU(3)C⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)X, with anomalies canceled among the three families in a nontrivial fashion. In this model the slepton multiplets play the role of the Higgs scalars and no Higgsinos are needed, with the consequence that the sneutrino, the selectron and six other sleptons play the role of the Goldstone bosons of the theory. By introducing an Abelian anomaly-free discrete symmetry and aligning the vacuum in a convenient way, we get a consistent mass spectrum for the scalars and for the spin 1/2 quarks and charged leptons, where only the top and charm quarks and the tau lepton acquire tree level masses while the remaining ordinary charged fermions acquire radiative hierarchical masses

Estilos gerenciales administrativos en las empresas comerciales de artículos de ferretería, cerrajería y vidrio

Este documento describe el estudio realizado en el subsector de comercio al por menor de artículos de ferretería, cerrajería y productos de vidrio (CIIU 5241) en el Área Metropolitana Centro Occidente. Su objetivo consiste en presentar un diagnostico del subsector y caracterizar los estilos gerenciales administrativos utilizados por los dirigentes de estas empresas, además de implementar una propuesta para estructurar desde la academia programas que favorezcan y estrechen los vínculos Universidad-Empresa.This document describes the study realized in the subsector of retail trade of articles of hardware store, locksmithing and glass products (CIIU 5241) in the Metropolitan Area Center West. The objective consists of presenting a diagnosis of the subsector and of characterizing the managerial styles administrative officers used by the leaders of these companies, beside implementing an offer to construct from the academy programs that favor and reduce the links University - company

Potential Antioxidant and Antiviral Activities of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Selected Lamiaceae Species

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are potential sources of natural bioactive phytochemical compounds of an incredible worth for the food industry, such as polyphenols. Lamiaceae medicinal and aromatic plants from Granada’s high plateau, concretely Origanum bastetanum, Thymus zygis gracilis, Thymus longiflorus, Thymus membranaceus and Ziziphora hispanica, were evaluated under different conventional solid–liquid extraction conditions to obtain extracts enriched in bioactive compounds. Phenolic profile was detected by HPLC-QTOF-MS, identifying a high abundance of bioactive constituents. Furthermore, antioxidant and antiviral activities of the mentioned plants were studied as biological properties of interest for the improvement of food shelf-life. Thus, Origanum bastetanum showed the highest antioxidant potential for all assays. Antiviral activity was also tested against some important foodborne viruses, feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), with the highest activity obtained for Ziziphora hispanica, Thymus longiflorus and Origanum bastetanum. This research proposes the studied plants as rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential use as preservatives in the food industry.Research Group AGR279 Ciencias de la Alimentacion y Nutricion (University of Granada, Spain)Diputacion de GranadaJA PREDOC_0011

Exosomes loaded with ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles: a novel low-toxicity alternative to cisplatin

Background: Platinum nanoparticles have been demonstrated to have excellent anticancer properties. However, because of the lack of specificity they must be delivered to the tumor in amounts sufficient to reach the desired therapeutic objectives. Interestingly, exosomes are considered as excellent natural selective delivery nanotools, but until know their targeting properties have not being combined with the anticancer properties of platinum nanoparticles. Results: In this work we combine the targeting capabilities of exosomes and the antitumoral properties of ultrasmall (< 2 nm) platinum nanoparticles as a novel, low toxicity alternative to the use of cisplatin. A mild methodology based on the room temperature CO-assisted in situ reduction of Pt2+ precursor was employed to preserve the integrity of exosomes, while generating ultrasmall therapeutic PtNPs directly inside the vesicles. The resulting PtNPs-loaded exosomes constitute a novel hybrid bioartificial system that was readily internalized by the target cells inducing antiproliferative response, as shown by flow cytometry and microscopy experiments in vitro. In vivo Pt-Exos showed antitumoral properties similar to that of cisplatin but with a strongly reduced or in some cases no toxic effect, highlighting the advantages of this approach and its potential for translation to the clinic. Conclusions: In this study, a nanoscale vector based on ultrasmall PtNPs and exosomes has been created exhibiting antitumoral properties comparable or higher to those of the FDA approved cisplatin. The preferential uptake of PtNPs mediated by exosomal transfer between certain cell types has been exploited to create a selective antitumoral novel bioartificial system. We have demonstrated their anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo comparing the results obtained with the administration of equivalent amounts of cisplatin, and showing a spectacular reduction of toxicity. © 2022, The Author(s)

Non-Digestible Carbohydrates: Green Extraction from Food By-Products and Assessment of Their Effect on Microbiota Modulation

The nature and composition of the waste produced by food industrial processing make its abundance and accumulation an environmental problem. Since these by-products may present a high potential for revalorization and may be used to obtain added-value compounds, the main goals of the technological advancements have been targeted at reducing the environmental impact and benefiting from the retrieval of active compounds with technological and health properties. Among the added-value substances, nondigestible carbohydrates have demonstrated promise. In addition to their well-known technological properties, they have been discovered to modify the gut microbiota and enhance immune function, including the stimulation of immune cells and the control of inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, the combination of these compounds with other substances such us phenols could improve their biological effect on different noncommunicable diseases through microbiota modulation. In order to gain insight into the implementation of this combined strategy, a broader focus concerning different aspects is needed. This review is focused on the optimized green and advanced extraction system applied to obtain added-value nondigestible carbohydrates, the combined administration with phenols and their beneficial effects on microbiota modulation intended for health and/or illness prevention, with particular emphasis on noncommunicable diseases. The isolation of nondigestible carbohydrates from by-products as well as in combination with other bioactive substances could provide an affordable and sustainable source of immunomodulatory chemicals.Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationGrant TED2021-132489A-I00MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033European Union NextGenerationEU/PRT