Contribution méthodologique à l’analyse des mouvements résidentiels intercommunaux wallons par la construction de bassins résidentiels (1994-2014)

Résumé Cet article présente l’analyse des mouvements résidentiels intercommunaux en Wallonie sur une période de 20 ans, à partir de données exhaustives. Un exercice de synthèse de ces déménagements est proposé avec l’adaptation d’une méthodologie hiérarchique développée par l’INSEE (Institut de statistique français) pour construire des regroupements d’entités spatiales sur base de données de flux migratoires dans la région Sud de la Belgique, la Wallonie. À partir de données reprenant l’ensemble des déménagements (migrations résidentielles) enregistrés entre communes belges (Local Administrative Units (LAU) 2 selon Eurostat) de 1994 à 2014, la méthodologie permet de rassembler les entités en bassins sur base de l’importance des échanges migratoires que les entités entretiennent entre elles. Plusieurs choix méthodologi­ques ont été posés pour proposer un découpage de la Wallonie en 11 «bassins résidentiels». Un bassin résidentiel correspond au territoire théorique dans lequel les individus (et par extension les ménages) à la recherche d’une nouvelle localisation résidentielle ont tendance à migrer pour répondre à leurs aspirations en termes de logement, en tenant compte de leurs réseaux sociaux et/ou professionnels et des contraintes de coûts du logement et des déplacements. Cette approche permet à la fois de synthétiser la matrice origine-destination entre toutes les entités d’un territoire, mais également de mieux comprendre la structuration de celui-ci. Abstract This article is about residential migrations between municipalities (Eurostat Local Administrative Units (LAU) 2) in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium. Based on a hierarchical methodology developed by INSEE (French National Institute of Statistics), residential migrations are synthetized so as to build clusters of municipalities that can be grouped together on the basis of their migration flows in the southern region of Belgium, Wallonia. Using data on all migration flows between municipalities in the period from 1994 to 2014, the methodology allows grouping municipalities based on the migratory exchange rates between them. Several choices have been made that lead to a new spatial division of Wallonia in 11 residential catchment areas. Such an area can be defined as a territory on which a person looking for a new residential location is ready to move as such a move would not interfere with his/her social and/or professional networks and would also respect cost constraints related to housing and commuting. This approach allows synthetising migration flows between all municipalities but also a better understanding of the spatial structure of Wallonia

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments of Two Newly Isolated Bacteriophages against an ST13 Urinary Tract Infection Klebsiella pneumoniae.

peer reviewedAntibiotic resistance represents a major public health concern requiring new alternatives including phage therapy. Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to the ESKAPE bacteria and can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize new bacteriophages against a K. pneumoniae strain isolated from UTIs and to assess their efficacy in vitro and in vivo in a Galleria (G.) mellonella larvae model. For this purpose, two bacteriophages were newly isolated against an ST13 K. pneumoniae strain isolated from a UTI and identified as K3 capsular types by wzi gene PCR. Genomic analysis showed that these bacteriophages, named vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp1 and vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp2, belong to the Drulisvirus genus. Bacteriophage vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp1 had the narrowest host spectrum (targeting only K3), while vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp2 also infected other Klebsiella types. Short adsorption times and latent periods were observed for both bacteriophages. In vivo experiments showed their ability to replicate in G. mellonella larvae and to decrease host bacterial titers. Moreover, both bacteriophages improved the survival of the infected larvae. In conclusion, these two bacteriophages had different in vitro properties and showed in vivo efficacy in a G. mellonella model with a better efficiency for vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp2

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Genome-wide association of multiple complex traits in outbred mice by ultra low-coverage sequencing

The authors wish to acknowledge excellent technical assistance from A. Kurioka, L. Swadling, C. de Lara, J. Ussher, R. Townsend, S. Lionikaite, A.S. Lionikiene, R. Wolswinkel and I. van der Made. We would like to thank T.M. Keane and A.G. Doran for their help in annotating variants and adding the FVB/NJ strain to the MGP. We thank the High-Throughput Genomics Group at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute for the generation of the sequencing data. This work was funded by Wellcome Trust grant 090532/Z/09/Z (J.F.). Primary phenotyping of the mice was supported by the Mary Lyon Centre and Mammalian Genetics Unit (Medical Research Council, UK Hub grant G0900747 91070 and Medical Research Council, UK grant MC U142684172). D.A.B. acknowledges support from NIH R01AR056280. The sleep work was supported by the state of Vaud (Switzerland) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF 14694 and 136201 to P.F.). The ECG work was supported by the Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative (Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres, Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences) PREDICT project, InterUniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN; 061.02; C.A.R. and C.R.B.). N.C. is supported by the Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Graduate Academy. R.W.D. is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust (097308/Z/11/Z).Peer reviewedPostprin

Effects of Parkinson's disease on cognitive action control: Insights on impulsive response tendencies using an oculomotor Simon task

International audienceObjectives: Cognitive action control allows suppressing automatic activation and producing a controlled response when conflicts arise. This process is modulated by the basal ganglia and recent studies have shown that it was impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study gives insights regarding the effect of PD on cognitive action and more precisely on impulsive responses. Methods: 40 patients with PD with no cognitive impairment and 40 healthy controls (HC) underwent an oculomotor Simon task in which they were required to make a leftward or rightward eye movement according to the color of a target and to ignore its location. The two dimensions of the stimuli created congruent (color and location activating the same response) and incongruent (color and location activating conflicting responses) trials. Results were analyzed using distributional analysis according to the activation-suppression model. Results: PD patients had a greater congruence effect on both reaction time and accuracy rate demonstrating a greater difficulty to resolve conflicts. Distributional analysis revealed that PD patients made more fast errors than HC. The rate of impulsive errors was further correlated to the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) scores. When they responded slower, PD patients were also impaired compared to HC. Conclusions: Our results show that both the automatic and controlled routes involved in the cognitive action control are affected in PD. Furthermore, impulsive response tendencies in PD measured by a conflict task seems related to behavioral impulsivity. Therefore, conflict tasks could be used to further study impulsivity in PD and its ability to detect early troubles should be investigate

Whipple's disease confined to the central nervous system.

We report a 49-year-old woman with a left parietal lesion, shown on CT and MRI as an isolated ring-enhancing mass. The diagnosis of cerebral Whipple's disease was made by brain biopsy; there were no gastrointestinal symptoms nor periodic-acid Schiff-positive inclusions in the jejunal mucosa. This case illustrates atypical Whipple's disease, confined exclusively to the central nervous system

Bassins résidentiels en Belgique : deux méthodes, une réalité ?

Les flux migratoires sont souvent privilégiés pour appréhender l’organisation spatiale des territoires. Avec l’explosion des grandes bases de données et des technologies de l’information, de nouveaux outils (méthodes et données) sont mis à disposition des chercheurs. Deux méthodes de partitionnement spatial sont éprouvées sur la même base de données relationnelles : Anabel (développée par l’INSEE) et la méthode de Louvain (issue des sciences des données). L’objectif est de comparer leurs avantages et inconvénients, tout en apportant une lecture géographique critique des résultats obtenus à partir d’un jeu de données théoriques, et d’un jeu de données réelles (migrations inter-communales en Belgique, sans tenir compte des migrations intra-communales). Les résultats rappellent que partitionner un espace n’est pas un exercice anodin, que les résultats dépendent fortement des méthodes et seuils utilisés, et que la prise de décision liée au partitionnement du territoire devrait toujours être prudente et avisée.Residential basins in Belgium: Two methods, one reality? Migration flows are often used to capture the spatial organization of territories. With the explosive growth of large databases and information technologies, new tools (methods and data) are now available for researchers. Two spatial partitioning methods are here compared: Anabel (developed by INSEE) and the Louvain method (anchored in data sciences). The aim is to compare their advantages and disadvantages, while providing a critical geographical understanding of the results. Two databases are used: A theoretical and a real world data set (inter-communal migrations in Belgium, excluding the intramunicipal migrations). Results remind us that partitioning space is not a trivial exercise, that the results depend strongly on the methods and thresholds used, and that decisions related to the partitioning of a territory should always be done in a cautious and informed manner

Characterization and in vivo assessment of two newly isolated bacteriophages against a ST13 urinary tract infection Klebsiella pneumoniae strain

Klebsiella pneumoniae is on the “critical priority” list for the discovery of new control methods due to its antimicrobial resistance. Responsible of some urinary tract infections (UTIs), the bacteriophage therapy represents a promising alternative against the bacteria. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize new bacteriophages against a K. pneumoniae isolated from UTI and to assess their efficacy in vitro and in vivo in a Galleria (G.) mellonella larvae model