Brazilian phonoaudiology telepractice before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: to analyze the use of digital resources by Brazilian phonoaudiologists before and during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample of Brazilian phonoaudiologists, with at least one year of practical experience. An online questionnaire consisting of 28 questions divided into eight sections was prepared. Data were analyzed and are reported as absolute and relative frequency regarding the variables: respondent’s age, highest degree and years of experience; weekly working hours; region of the country; type of service and area of expertise; use of digital means before and during the pandemic and willingness to use the same kind of resource after the pandemic. Results: telehealth technologies were used by 90% of phonoaudiologists in Brazil since before the COVID-19 pandemic. A change in the profile of technologies used was observed: after the pandemic, videoconferences gained more use in contact with patients compared to the pre-pandemic period even though contact via mobile phone and instant messaging applications are the most used, both before and during the pandemic. Conclusion: the study’s findings demonstrate that 90% of phonoaudiologists who answered the questionnaire in Brazil used and still make use of telehealth technologies to contact patients

Uso de telessaúde por alunos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia: Possibilidades e perspectivas em tempos de pandemia por COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and the need for adaptation on several fronts. Updating the ways of working is necessary and promoting education and care in the health sector in line with the 21st century is essential. In addition to undergraduate students training in Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) field, based on the necessary opportunities for practical experience with patients during undergraduation, a significant portion of the population is attended by school clinics linked to universities and training centers, which work in conjunction with public health services. In this text we will bring some reflections on the relevance of using telehealth technologies for speech therapists training, considering the articulation between national curricular guidelines, professional training and ethical aspects.A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe desafios e necessidade de adaptação em diversas frentes. A atualização das formas de trabalho é necessária e promover ensino e atendimento no setor saúde condizentes com o século XXI é fundamental. Não estamos apenas tratando da formação de graduandos na área de Fonoaudiologia, mas do atendimento clínico a uma parcela significativa da população que depende dos serviços de clínicas-escola vinculadas às universidades e centros de formação em nossa profissão.Neste texto traremos algumas reflexões sobre a relevância do uso das tecnologias de telessaúde para a formação de fonoaudiólogos, considerando a articulação entre as diretrizes curriculares nacionais, a formação profissional e aspectos éticos

Use of telehealth by undergraduate students in Speech Therapy : possibilities and perspectives during COVID-19 pandemic

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The role of the phonoaudiologist and the focus on ASD intervention

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Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer\u27s disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need

Alzheimer\u27s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are a global crisis facing the aging population and society as a whole. With the numbers of people with ADRDs predicted to rise dramatically across the world, the scientific community can no longer neglect the need for research focusing on ADRDs among underrepresented ethnoracial diverse groups. The Alzheimer\u27s Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer\u27s Research and Treatment (ISTAART; alz.org/ISTAART) comprises a number of professional interest areas (PIAs), each focusing on a major scientific area associated with ADRDs. We leverage the expertise of the existing international cadre of ISTAART scientists and experts to synthesize a cross-PIA white paper that provides both a concise “state-of-the-science” report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnoracial populations. © 2018 The Author

Caryotypes de trois Charançons des îles du sud de l'océan Indien : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904 et Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940. Apport à la systématique des Ectemnorrhininae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Summary. -Karyotypes of three Curculionidae from southern Indian ocean islands : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904 and Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940. Contribution to the systematic of Ectemnorrhininae (Coleóptera, Curculionidae). As a further study of the systematics of Ectemnorrhininae (Coleóptera, Curculionidae) from Southern Indian Ocean islands, we present now a kariological analysis of chromosomes of three species : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940) of the Canonopsini tribe, as well as Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904, and Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940, these two species belonging to the Ectemnorrhinini. In the same way as in our previous published work, a first aim of this cytogenetical approach is to determine the precise systematic place of these different species, by refining, if possible, previously obtained results of more classical techniques based on morpho¬ logy and biology. Another objective is to get further information retative to cases of speciation which may have occurred among Ectemnorrhininae, which are insular insects and, therefore, both scattered and isolated. Like other Ectemnorrhininae which were studied in the same conditions, the mentioned three species are characterized by the same type of chromosomal formula, 10 AA+Xyp, and by the same sort of "parachute-like" arrangement of the sexual bivalent during meiotic first division metaphase. When comparing the different results to each other, it is to be noticed that kariological analysis corroborates the patent consistency existing between all karyotypes, thus justifying the fact that the three studied species belong to the same subfamily, namely the Ectemnorrhininae. Taking into account other Ectemnorrhininae which had been studied in the same conditions, these results are also in support of the division of the subfamily into two distinct tribes, Ectemnorrhinini and Canonopsini. But, on the other hand, the same results add to the heterogeneous nature of the latter tribe, which is constituted of four genera which are rather different from each other, in contrast with homogeneity characterizing the Ectemnorrhinini tribe. The actual existence of the genus Xanium Enderlein is now confirmed, and this genus might even be considered as being very close to the genus Bothrometopus Jeannel.Résumé. -Poursuivant l'étude de la systématique des Ectemnorrhininae (Coléoptères, Curculionides) des îles du sud de l'océan Indien, nous donnons ici une analyse caryologique des chromosomes de trois d'entre eux : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), classé dans la tribu des Canonopsini, et Xanium vanhoeffenianum Ender¬ lein, 1904, ainsi que Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940, tous deux de la tribu des Ectemnorrhinini. Comme dans les travaux précédents, le premier but que poursuit cette approche cytogénétique est de préciser la position systématique de ces espèces en affinant si possible les résultats déjà obtenus par des techniques classiques utilisant la morphologie et la biologie. Le second but est l'acquisition éventuelle de nouvelles informations sur les spéciations passées au sein des Ectemnorrhininae, insectes insulaires et donc à la fois dispersés et isolés. Comme les autres Ectemnorrhininae étudiés dans les mêmes conditions, les trois espèces objets de ce travail ont une formule chromosomique identique, de type 10 AA + Xyp, et la même disposition "en parachute" du bivalent sexuel en métaphase de première division de méiose. En comparant ces résultats entre eux, on constate que l'analyse caryologique souligne la cohérence existant entre tous les caryotypes, justifiant l'appartenance de ces trois espèces à la même sous-famille des Ectemnorrhininae. En regard des autres Ectemnorrhininae étudiées dans les mêmes conditions, ces résultats confirment aussi la division de la sous-famille en deux tribus, les Ectemnorrhinini et les Canonopsini. En revanche, ils accentuent encore le caractère hétérogène propre à cette dernière tribu, formée de quatre genres assez différents les uns des autres, ce qui l'oppose à l'homogénéité des Ectemnorrhinini. L'existence du genre Xanium Enderlein se voit confortée et celui-ci serait même éventuellement rapproché du genre Bothrometopus Jeannel.Dreux Philippe, Bailly Simone, Voisin Jean-François. Caryotypes de trois Charançons des îles du sud de l'océan Indien : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904 et Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940. Apport à la systématique des Ectemnorrhininae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 102 (2), juin 1997. pp. 171-182

Caryotypes de trois Charançons des îles du sud de l'océan Indien : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904 et Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940. Apport à la systématique des Ectemnorrhininae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Summary. -Karyotypes of three Curculionidae from southern Indian ocean islands : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904 and Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940. Contribution to the systematic of Ectemnorrhininae (Coleóptera, Curculionidae). As a further study of the systematics of Ectemnorrhininae (Coleóptera, Curculionidae) from Southern Indian Ocean islands, we present now a kariological analysis of chromosomes of three species : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940) of the Canonopsini tribe, as well as Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904, and Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940, these two species belonging to the Ectemnorrhinini. In the same way as in our previous published work, a first aim of this cytogenetical approach is to determine the precise systematic place of these different species, by refining, if possible, previously obtained results of more classical techniques based on morpho¬ logy and biology. Another objective is to get further information retative to cases of speciation which may have occurred among Ectemnorrhininae, which are insular insects and, therefore, both scattered and isolated. Like other Ectemnorrhininae which were studied in the same conditions, the mentioned three species are characterized by the same type of chromosomal formula, 10 AA+Xyp, and by the same sort of "parachute-like" arrangement of the sexual bivalent during meiotic first division metaphase. When comparing the different results to each other, it is to be noticed that kariological analysis corroborates the patent consistency existing between all karyotypes, thus justifying the fact that the three studied species belong to the same subfamily, namely the Ectemnorrhininae. Taking into account other Ectemnorrhininae which had been studied in the same conditions, these results are also in support of the division of the subfamily into two distinct tribes, Ectemnorrhinini and Canonopsini. But, on the other hand, the same results add to the heterogeneous nature of the latter tribe, which is constituted of four genera which are rather different from each other, in contrast with homogeneity characterizing the Ectemnorrhinini tribe. The actual existence of the genus Xanium Enderlein is now confirmed, and this genus might even be considered as being very close to the genus Bothrometopus Jeannel.Résumé. -Poursuivant l'étude de la systématique des Ectemnorrhininae (Coléoptères, Curculionides) des îles du sud de l'océan Indien, nous donnons ici une analyse caryologique des chromosomes de trois d'entre eux : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), classé dans la tribu des Canonopsini, et Xanium vanhoeffenianum Ender¬ lein, 1904, ainsi que Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940, tous deux de la tribu des Ectemnorrhinini. Comme dans les travaux précédents, le premier but que poursuit cette approche cytogénétique est de préciser la position systématique de ces espèces en affinant si possible les résultats déjà obtenus par des techniques classiques utilisant la morphologie et la biologie. Le second but est l'acquisition éventuelle de nouvelles informations sur les spéciations passées au sein des Ectemnorrhininae, insectes insulaires et donc à la fois dispersés et isolés. Comme les autres Ectemnorrhininae étudiés dans les mêmes conditions, les trois espèces objets de ce travail ont une formule chromosomique identique, de type 10 AA + Xyp, et la même disposition "en parachute" du bivalent sexuel en métaphase de première division de méiose. En comparant ces résultats entre eux, on constate que l'analyse caryologique souligne la cohérence existant entre tous les caryotypes, justifiant l'appartenance de ces trois espèces à la même sous-famille des Ectemnorrhininae. En regard des autres Ectemnorrhininae étudiées dans les mêmes conditions, ces résultats confirment aussi la division de la sous-famille en deux tribus, les Ectemnorrhinini et les Canonopsini. En revanche, ils accentuent encore le caractère hétérogène propre à cette dernière tribu, formée de quatre genres assez différents les uns des autres, ce qui l'oppose à l'homogénéité des Ectemnorrhinini. L'existence du genre Xanium Enderlein se voit confortée et celui-ci serait même éventuellement rapproché du genre Bothrometopus Jeannel.Dreux Philippe, Bailly Simone, Voisin Jean-François. Caryotypes de trois Charançons des îles du sud de l'océan Indien : Disker tenuicornis (Jeannel, 1940), Xanium vanhoeffenianum Enderlein, 1904 et Bothrometopus fasciatus Jeannel, 1940. Apport à la systématique des Ectemnorrhininae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 102 (2), juin 1997. pp. 171-182

Approche cytogénétique de la systématique de trois Curculionides des îles du sud de l'Océan Indien : Ectemnorrhinus angusticollis (Waterhouse), Dusmoecetes marioni(Jeannel) et Canonopsis sericea (Waterhouse) (Coleoptera)

Summary. -The present work is a part of a more comprehensive study, the aim of which being to accurately specify the systematics of Ectemnorrhininae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from islands of the Southern Indian Ocean. Within this group of Insects, the most important one among those living on these rather recently emerged islands, which are isolated in the middle of the ocean, many cases of speciation have occurred, directly correlated with the scattering of the habitat. Cytogenetic techniques have been used in order to compare the results with the findings which were obtained from more classical morphological or biological studies. These techniques are for the first time applied in the case of two genera of the tribe of Ectemnorrhinini (Ectemnorrhinus angusticollis et Dusmoecetes marioni) and one genus of the Canonopsini tribe, Canonopsis sericea. In all these three cases, the chromosomal formula is of the 10 AA + Xyps this type being usually found in many Curculionidae. The y chromosome is a very small one and the X chromosome always smaller than any one of the smallest autosome. During meiotic prophase I and metaphase I, both X and y chromosomes appear in a "parachute-like" figure, which is a characteristic feature of Coleoptera. In order to realize mitotic karyotypes, it is first necessary to establish the mean values of length and centromeric index for each pair of chromosomes. These parameters are determined by means of a program of data statistical analysis, which is able to aggregate different objects ; these objects are caracterized by some definite quantitative parameters, these being here length and centromeric index. In the case of the mentioned three genera, a great similarity is noticed between all autosomes, when considering the size as well as the centromeric index, the latter always being of the "metacentric" type. A detailed analysis of variations of the value of the centromeric index leads, however, to infer that there is greater proximity between E. angusticollis et D. marioni. These results are confronted with those previously obtained in identical experimental conditions, about two closely related genera of Canonopsini tribe, Christensenia antarctica et Neocanonopsis dreuxi. They confirm the systematic validity of this tribe, and they demonstrate a clear separation from the Ectemnorrhinus and Dusmoecetes genera, which are also both closely related.Résumé. -Cette étude se situe dans un travail d'ensemble visant à préciser la systématique des Ectemnorrhininae (Coléoptères, Curculionides) des îles du Sud de l'Océan Indien. A l'intérieur de ce groupe d'Insectes, le plus important parmi ceux vivant sur ces terres d'origine récente et isolées au milieu de l'océan, de nombreuses spéciations se sont produites, directement liées à la dispersion de l'habitat. Les techniques de cytogénétique sont ici utilisées en vue d'une confrontation avec les résultats obtenus à partir d'études morphologiques ou biologiques classiques. Elles sont appliquées pour la première fois à deux genres de la tribu des Ectemnorrhinini (Ectemnorrhinus angusticollis et Dusmoecetes marioni) et à un genre de la tribu des Canonopsini, Canonopsis sericea. Dans les trois cas, la formule chromosomique est du type 10 AA + Xyp, commune à plusieurs Curculionides. Le chromosome y est toujours très petit, quasiment punctiforme, et le chromosome X, un peu plus grand, demeure toujours plus petit que le plus petit autosome. En prophase I et métaphase I de méiose, ils forment ensemble la figure dite "en parachute", propre aux Coléoptères. La réalisation des caryotypes mitotiques nécessite la détermination préalable des valeurs moyennes de longueur et d'indice centromérique caractéristiques de chaque paire de chromosomes. Ces paramètres sont déterminés grâce à un programme d'analyse statistique de données, capable d'agréger des objets caractérisés par un certain nombre d'attributs quantitatifs, ici longueur et indice centromérique. Pour les trois genres étudiés, on note une grande similitude entre tous les autosomes, tant pour les tailles que pour les indices centromériques, ces derniers appartenant tous à la catégorie "métacentrique". L'analyse fine des variations de valeur de l'indice centromérique permet cependant de conclure à une proximité plus grande entre E. angusticollis et D. marioni. Ces résultats sont confrontés avec ceux obtenus précédemment, dans des conditions identiques d'étude, à propos de deux genres voisins de la tribu des Canonopsini, Christensenia antarctica et Neocanonopsis dreuxi. Ils confirment la validité systématique de cette tribu et sa nette séparation d'avec les genres Ectemnorrhinus et Dusmoecetes, eux-mêmes proches.Dreux Philippe, Bailly Simone, Tarroux Philippe, Chown Steven L. Approche cytogénétique de la systématique de trois Curculionides des îles du sud de l'Océan Indien : Ectemnorrhinus angusticollis (Waterhouse), Dusmoecetes marioni(Jeannel) et Canonopsis sericea (Waterhouse) (Coleoptera). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 100 (3), août 1995. pp. 287-297