Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON FINANCIAL ATTITUDE AND FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUAL IN INDIA

The purpose of the study is to assess the awareness of individual about financial concepts such as money management, financial products, stock markets, numeracy, risk – return trade off, insurance, personal finance, budgeting and investment etc. Also the study aims at finding out whether there is any significant relationship between financial literacy level of the individual regarding their financial attitude and financial behavior of individuals. The authors find low level of financial literacy among individuals though all of them are financially included. As much as 60.80 percent individuals had poor financial literacy and 15.4 percent had fair financial literacy. Even in terms of different dimensions of financial literacy such as interest, compounding, inflation, time value of money or basic financial principles, individuals largely had poor or fair financial literacy. Study also shows that positive financial behavior’s people shows their higher financial literacy and negative financial attitude’s people shows their lower level of financial literacy