MAPEAMENTO DA LEISHMANIOSE CANINA NA CIDADE DE CAXIAS-MARANHÃO

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by the bite of infected females of Lutzomya longipalpis. Females become infected by biting the infected dog, their main host, and transmit it to humans through the bite. This disease can be fatal to humans if left untreated. The mosquito thrives in humid places, rich in organic matter and with little light. The city of Caxias-MA, as it does not have sewage systems, becomes an excellent place for the development of this vector. There is no research in the literature addressing the locations of the affected neighborhoods and this was the main objective of the research, to develop the mapping of canine Leishmaniasis in the city of Caxias-MA. During the development of the research, a survey was carried out on cases of canine leishmaniasis, together with UVZ, the body responsible for zoonoses in the cityof Caxias-MA,  with these being analyzed and then used to create graphs. The results were satisfactory and it was possible to present the main affected neighborhoods, as well as those not affected.La leishmaniasis visceral es una zoonosis causada por la picadura de hembras infectadas de Lutzomya longipalpis. Las hembras se infectan al morder al perro infectado, su huésped principal, y lo transmiten a los humanos a través de la mordedura. Esta enfermedad puede ser fatal para los seres humanos si no se trata. El mosquito se desarrolla en lugares húmedos, ricos en materia orgánica y con poca luz. La ciudad de Caxias-MA no cuenta con alcantarillado sanitario, se convierte en un excelente lugar para el desarrollo de este vector. No hay investigaciones en la literatura que aborden las ubicaciones de los barrios afectados y este fue el objetivo principal de la investigación, elaborar el mapeo de la Leishmaniasis canina en la ciudad de Caxias-MA. Durante el desarrollo de la investigación se realizó una encuesta sobre los casos de leishmaniasis canina, con la UVZ, la agencia responsable de las zoonosis en la ciudad de Caxias-MA, siendo estas analizadas y luego utilizadas para la elaboración de gráficos. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios y fue posible presentar los principales barrios afectados, así como los no afectados.A Leishmaniose visceral é uma Zoonose causada pela picada das fêmeas infectadas do Lutzomya longipalpis. As fêmeas se infectam ao picar o cão infectado, seu principal hospedeiro, e transmite aos humanos por meio da picada. Essa doença pode ser fatal aos humanos caso não for tratada. O mosquito se desenvolve em lugares úmidos, ricos em matéria orgânica e com pouca luminosidade. A cidade de Caxias-MA, por não possuir esgotamento sanitário, torna-se um excelente local para o desenvolvimento desse vetor. Não há pesquisas na literatura abordando as localizações dos bairros afetados e esse foi o principal objetivo da pesquisa, elaborar o mapeamento da Leishmaniose canina na cidade de Caxias-MA. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi feito um levantamento sobre os casos de leishmaniose canina, junto à UVZ, órgão responsável pelas zoonoses na cidade de Caxias-MA, com estes sendo analisados e em seguida utilizados para a elaboração de gráficos. Os resultados foram satisfatórios e possibilitaram apresentar os principais bairros afetados, assim como os não afetados.A Leishmaniose visceral é uma Zoonose causada pela picada das fêmeas infectadas do Lutzomya longipalpis. As fêmeas se infectam ao picar o cão infectado, seu principal hospedeiro, e transmite aos humanos por meio da picada. Essa doença pode ser fatal aos humanos caso não for tratada. O mosquito se desenvolve em lugares úmidos, ricos em matéria orgânica e com pouca luminosidade. A cidade de Caxias-MA, por não possuir esgotamento sanitário, torna-se um excelente local para o desenvolvimento desse vetor. Não há pesquisas na literatura abordando as localizações dos bairros afetados e esse foi o principal objetivo da pesquisa, elaborar o mapeamento da Leishmaniose canina na cidade de Caxias-MA. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi feito um levantamento sobre os casos de leishmaniose canina, junto à UVZ, órgão responsável pelas zoonoses na cidade de Caxias-MA, com estes sendo analisados e em seguida utilizados para a elaboração de gráficos. Os resultados foram satisfatórios e possibilitaram apresentar os principais bairros afetados, assim como os não afetados

ENFERMERAS DE SALUD OCUPACIONAL EN LA PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD: UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVA

A enfermagem do trabalho vem se consolidando como uma especialidade na área da enfermagem, sendo uma das principais profissões existentes, atuando não somente nos serviços de saúde, como também em vários espaços que contemplam o processo de trabalho atualmente. O enfermeiro do trabalho exerce uma função importante na medicina ocupacional, pois vem atuando cada vez mais na prevenção de patologias laborais e de acidentes dentro das empresas. Dessa forma, o presente artigo identificou na literatura cientifica as competências do Enfermeiro do Trabalho na promoção da saúde do trabalhador. Para a produção do trabalho viabilizou-se a pesquisa narrativa. Como resultados, somente 06 artigos deram embasamento à pergunta de pesquisa e fica evidente a importância do profissional da enfermagem do trabalho agindo diretamente nas organizações, na intenção não somente de prevenir acidentes de trabalho e patologias ocupacionais, mas desenvolvendo uma função significativa na promoção da saúde do trabalhador, representando assim, um grande benefício para toda a coletividade da organização.Occupational health nursing has been consolidating itself as a specialty in the field of nursing, being one of the main existing professions, working not only in health services, but also in various spaces that currently contemplate the work process. Occupational health nurses play an important role in occupational medicine, as they have been working more and more in the prevention of occupational pathologies and accidents within companies. Thus, the present article identified in the scientific literature the competencies of occupational health nurses in the promotion of workers' health. To produce the work, narrative research was made possible. As a result, only 06 articles supported the research question and the importance of occupational nursing professionals acting directly in organizations is evident, with the intention not only of preventing work accidents and occupational pathologies, but also developing a significant role in the promotion of workers' health, thus representing a great benefit for the entire community of the organization.A enfermagem do trabalho vem se consolidando como uma especialidade na área da enfermagem, sendo uma das principais profissões existentes, atuando não somente nos serviços de saúde, como também em vários espaços que contemplam o processo de trabalho atualmente. O enfermeiro do trabalho exerce uma função importante na medicina ocupacional, pois vem atuando cada vez mais na prevenção de patologias laborais e de acidentes dentro das empresas. Dessa forma, o presente artigo identificou na literatura cientifica as competências do Enfermeiro do Trabalho na promoção da saúde do trabalhador. Para a produção do trabalho viabilizou-se a pesquisa narrativa. Como resultados, somente 06 artigos deram embasamento à pergunta de pesquisa e fica evidente a importância do profissional da enfermagem do trabalho agindo diretamente nas organizações, na intenção não somente de prevenir acidentes de trabalho e patologias ocupacionais, mas desenvolvendo uma função significativa na promoção da saúde do trabalhador, representando assim, um grande benefício para toda a coletividade da organização.La enfermería de salud ocupacional se ha ido consolidando como una especialidad en el ámbito de la enfermería, siendo una de las principales profesiones existentes, actuando no solo en los servicios de salud, sino también en diversos espacios que actualmente contemplan el proceso de trabajo. Las enfermeras de salud laboral juegan un papel importante en la medicina del trabajo, ya que vienen trabajando cada vez más en la prevención de patologías y accidentes laborales dentro de las empresas. Así, el presente artículo identificó en la literatura científica las competencias de los enfermeros de salud ocupacional en la promoción de la salud de los trabajadores. Para la producción de la obra se posibilitó la investigación narrativa. Como resultado, solo 06 artículos apoyaron la pregunta de investigación y se evidencia la importancia de que los profesionales de enfermería ocupacional actúen directamente en las organizaciones, con la intención no solo de prevenir accidentes de trabajo y patologías ocupacionales, sino también de desarrollar un papel significativo en la promoción de la salud de los trabajadores, representando así un gran beneficio para toda la comunidad de la organización

Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass

Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p < 5 x 10(-8)) or suggestively genome wide (p < 2.3 x 10(-6)). Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/ near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/ near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Disentangling the genetics of lean mass

Lean body mass (LM) plays an important role in mobility and metabolic function. We previously identified five loci associated with LM adjusted for fat mass in kilograms. Such an adjustment may reduce the power to identify genetic signals having an association with both lean mass and fat mass

Disentangling the genetics of lean mass

Background: Lean body mass (LM) plays an important role in mobility and metabolic function. We previously identified five loci associated with LM adjusted for fat mass in kilograms. Such an adjustment may reduce the power to identify genetic signals having an association with both lean mass and fat mass. Objectives: To determine the impact of different fat mass adjustments on genetic architecture of LM and identify additional LM loci. Methods: We performed genome-wide association analyses for whole-body LM (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, age(2), and height with or without fat mass adjustments (Model 1 no fat adjustment; Model 2 adjustment for fat mass as a percentage of body mass; Model 3 adjustment for fat mass in kilograms). Results: Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in separate loci, including one novel LM locus (TNRC6B), were successfully replicated in an additional 47,227 individuals from 29 cohorts. Based on the strengths of the associations in Model 1 vs Model 3, we divided the LM loci into those with an effect on both lean mass and fat mass in the same direction and refer to those as &quot;sumo wrestler&quot; loci (FTO and MC4R). In contrast, loci with an impact specifically on LMwere termed &quot;body builder&quot; loci (VCAN and ADAMTSL3). Using existing available genome-wide association study databases, LM increasing alleles of SNPs in sumo wrestler loci were associated with an adverse metabolic profile, whereas LM increasing alleles of SNPs in &quot;body builder&quot; loci were associated with metabolic protection. Conclusions: In conclusion, we identified one novel LM locus (TNRC6B). Our results suggest that a genetically determined increase in lean mass might exert either harmful or protective effects on metabolic traits, depending on its relation to fat mass.N

Erratum: Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass

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