Shared Spaces and Social Integration

The pandemic caused by the SARS-COv2 virus demanded actions in universities to ensure safety public health of their community. Several fronts are working in this direction, from physical distancing and sanitation protocols, to the use of indoor and outdoor environments, which includes the circulation of pedestrians and cyclists through the campuses. The University of Campinas is carrying out a tactical urbanism project, consisting of a set of actions aimed at low-cost changes in the built environment to test possible improvements through a living laboratory that involves the entire local community. The living laboratory is an innovative systemic approach that enables the integration of research and innovation in a territorial context through co-creation that involves the local community. The objective of the living laboratory of tactical urbanism at Unicamp is to encourage and guide the circulation of pedestrians and cyclists on the campuses in conditions that ensure physical distance. For this, workshops, questionnaires, decisions and collaborative actions are carrying out, so the community is involved in all stages of the project. After the situational survey and planning, actions should involve surface design with patterns and artistic paintings along the streets in order to promote shared use between modes of transport with special consideration for pedestrians and cyclists. As a result, it is expected that Unicamp will be able to restart face-to-face activities during the pandemic with public safety, mobility and low investment.Keyword: Sustainable Urban Mobility, Pedestrian, Cyclist, Sustainable Campu

Luminescence properties of transition-metal-doped GaSb

The luminescence properties of transition-metal ͑Cr, V, and Ru͒-doped GaSb single crystals have been studied by a cathodoluminescence ͑CL͒ technique in a scanning electron microscope. Spatial segregation of impurities along the longitudinal direction of the crystals grown by the Bridgman method has been investigated. These dopants suppress the native acceptor concentration to varying extent. The behavior of Ru has been found to be different from the behavior of V and Cr. In particular the complete disappearance of the 777 meV ͑band A͒ emission has been observed in GaSb:Ru with a low doping level. A peak at 767 meV is also seen in this sample which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously observed in GaSb. The CL results have been complemented by x-ray-microanalysis measurements to ascertain the effect of doping level on the luminescence properties. ͓S0163-1829͑98͒05608-2

"Food Addiction" in Patients with Eating Disorders is Associated with Negative Urgency and Difficulties to Focus on Long-Term Goals

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate if eating disorder patients differ in specific personality traits depending on a positive screening of food addiction (FA) and to find a model to predict FA in eating disorder patients using measures of personality and impulsivity. Methods : Two hundred seventy eight patients, having an eating disorder, self-reported on FA, impulsivity, personality, eating and general psychopathology. Patients were then split into two groups, depending on a positive or negative result on the FA screening. Analysis of variance was used to compare means between the two groups. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to obtain a predictive model for the presence of FA. Results: Patients with FA had lower self-directedness, and more negative urgency and lack of perseverance than patients not reporting addictive eating. The probability of FA can be predicted by high negative urgency, high reward dependence, and low lack of premeditation. Conclusion: Eating disorder patients who have more problems to pursue tasks to the end and to focus on long-term goals seem to be more likely to develop addictive eating patterns

Impact of abiotic factors and husbandry on saprolegniosis in salmonid farms

Oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia are widespread in freshwater environment and are among the main path- ogens causing economic losses in salmonid aquaculture. Infections by mycotic agents in fish farming are generally considered to result from chronic stress and poor fish condition associated with water quality problems, adverse environmental conditions, frequent/rough/incorrect handling, concurrent infections, physiological changes associated with reproduction and immunocompromised animals. To identify risk factors for Saprolegnia infections in trout and Atlantic salmon farming, longitudinal studies were carried out in different Italian, Spanish, and Scottish fish farms. Prevalence of saprolegniosis and fish mortality were monitored over time and statistically analysed with respect to husbandry and environmental factors. Overall, statistical results by production cycle (trout vs salmon farming) and by country indicate that the prevalence of Saprolegnia may be influenced by peculiarities of the culture system and farming environment. Nevertheless, a specific set of parameters, including lower water temperature, and handling procedures increased Saprolegnia prevalence in all the considered farms. Particularly, in trout farms Saprolegnia infections represented an important contribution to mortality, and prevalence was influenced by water temperature and pH, and by fish density within the tanks. Similarly, temperature and water quality were the main factors influencing the prev- alence of Saprolegnia in Atlantic salmon farms. Moreover, molecular analyses confirmed the role of S. parasitica as the main pathogenic oomycete in trout and salmon farming in the considered countries. The identification of risk factors for introduction and increase of Saprolegnia infection in fish farms will allow the correct design of bio- security and pathogen control strategie

Multiferroic phase transition near room temperature in BiFeO3 films

In multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films grown on highly mismatched LaAlO3 substrates, we reveal the coexistence of two differently distorted polymorphs that leads to striking features in the temperature dependence of the structural and multiferroic properties. Notably, the highly distorted phase quasi-concomitantly presents an abrupt structural change, transforms from a hard to a soft ferroelectric and transitions from antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic at 360+/-20 K. These coupled ferroic transitions just above room temperature hold promises of giant piezoelectric, magnetoelectric and piezomagnetic responses, with potential in many applications fields

'Food Addiction' in Patients with Eating Disorders is Associated with Negative Urgency and Difficulties to Focus on Long-Term Goals

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate if eating disorder patients differ in specific personality traits depending on a positive screening of food addiction (FA) and to find a model to predict FA in eating disorder patients using measures of personality and impulsivity. Methods: Two hundred seventy eight patients, having an eating disorder, self-reported on FA, impulsivity, personality, eating and general psychopathology. Patients were then split into two groups, depending on a positive or negative result on the FA screening. Analysis of variance was used to compare means between the two groups. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to obtain a predictive model for the presence of FA. Results: Patients with FA had lower self-directedness, and more negative urgency and lack of perseverance than patients not reporting addictive eating. The probability of FA can be predicted by high negative urgency, high reward dependence, and low lack of premeditation. Conclusion: Eating disorder patients who have more problems to pursue tasks to the end and to focus on long-term goals seem to be more likely to develop addictive eating patterns

Chimpanzee identification and social network construction through an online citizen science platform

Abstract Citizen science has grown rapidly in popularity in recent years due to its potential to educate and engage the public while providing a means to address a myriad of scientific questions. However, the rise in popularity of citizen science has also been accompanied by concerns about the quality of data emerging from citizen science research projects. We assessed data quality in the online citizen scientist platform Chimp&See, which hosts camera trap videos of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and other species across Equatorial Africa. In particular, we compared detection and identification of individual chimpanzees by citizen scientists with that of experts with years of experience studying those chimpanzees. We found that citizen scientists typically detected the same number of individual chimpanzees as experts, but assigned far fewer identifications (IDs) to those individuals. Those IDs assigned, however, were nearly always in agreement with the IDs provided by experts. We applied the data sets of citizen scientists and experts by constructing social networks from each. We found that both social networks were relatively robust and shared a similar structure, as well as having positively correlated individual network positions. Our findings demonstrate that, although citizen scientists produced a smaller data set based on fewer confirmed IDs, the data strongly reflect expert classifications and can be used for meaningful assessments of group structure and dynamics. This approach expands opportunities for social research and conservation monitoring in great apes and many other individually identifiable species

Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi

DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi

Estimation of wood volume and height of olive tree plantations using airborne discrete-return LiDAR data

The aim of this study is to analyze methodologies based on airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology of low pulse density points (0.5m(-2)) for height and volume quantification of olive trees in Viver (Spain). A total of 29 circular plots, each with a radius of 20m, were sampled and their volumes and heights were obtained by dendrometric methods. For these estimations, several statistics derived from LiDAR data were calculated in each plot. Regression models were used to predict volume and height. The results showed good performance for estimating volume (R-2=0.70) and total height (R-2=0.67).The authors appreciate the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Ministry for Science & Innovation) within the framework of the project AGL2010-15334 and by the Vice-Rectorate for Research of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia [Grant PAID-06-12-3297; SP20120534].Estornell Cremades, J.; Velázquez Martí, B.; López Cortés, I.; Salazar Hernández, DM.; Fernández-Sarría, A. (2014). Estimation of wood volume and height of olive tree plantations using airborne discrete-return LiDAR data. GIScience and Remote Sensing. 51(1):17-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2014.883209S1729511Estornell, J., Ruiz, L. A., Velázquez-Martí, B., & Fernández-Sarría, A. (2011). Estimation of shrub biomass by airborne LiDAR data in small forest stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(9), 1697-1703. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.026García, M., Riaño, D., Chuvieco, E., & Danson, F. M. (2010). Estimating biomass carbon stocks for a Mediterranean forest in central Spain using LiDAR height and intensity data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 114(4), 816-830. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.11.021Hyyppa, J., Kelle, O., Lehikoinen, M., & Inkinen, M. (2001). A segmentation-based method to retrieve stem volume estimates from 3-D tree height models produced by laser scanners. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39(5), 969-975. doi:10.1109/36.921414Kim, Y., Yang, Z., Cohen, W. B., Pflugmacher, D., Lauver, C. L., & Vankat, J. L. (2009). Distinguishing between live and dead standing tree biomass on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA using small-footprint lidar data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113(11), 2499-2510. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.010Moorthy, I., Miller, J. R., Berni, J. A. J., Zarco-Tejada, P., Hu, B., & Chen, J. (2011). Field characterization of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree crown architecture using terrestrial laser scanning data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(2), 204-214. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.10.005Næsset, E. (2004). Accuracy of forest inventory using airborne laser scanning: evaluating the first nordic full-scale operational project. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 19(6), 554-557. doi:10.1080/02827580410019544Popescu, S. C. (2007). Estimating biomass of individual pine trees using airborne lidar. Biomass and Bioenergy, 31(9), 646-655. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.022Popescu, S. C., Wynne, R. H., & Nelson, R. F. (2002). Estimating plot-level tree heights with lidar: local filtering with a canopy-height based variable window size. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 37(1-3), 71-95. doi:10.1016/s0168-1699(02)00121-7Velázquez-Martí, B., Estornell, J., López-Cortés, I., & Martí-Gavilá, J. (2012). Calculation of biomass volume of citrus trees from an adapted dendrometry. Biosystems Engineering, 112(4), 285-292. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2012.04.011Velázquez-Martí, B., Fernández-González, E., Estornell, J., & Ruiz, L. A. (2010). Dendrometric and dasometric analysis of the bushy biomass in Mediterranean forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(5), 875-882. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.027Velázquez-Martí, B., Fernández-González, E., López-Cortés, I., & Salazar-Hernández, D. M. (2011). Quantification of the residual biomass obtained from pruning of trees in Mediterranean olive groves. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(7), 3208-3217. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.042Yu, X., Hyyppä, J., Kaartinen, H., & Maltamo, M. (2004). Automatic detection of harvested trees and determination of forest growth using airborne laser scanning. Remote Sensing of Environment, 90(4), 451-462. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.00