102 research outputs found
Threads: Insights by Women Architects
This book presents some women architects and their work. Examples include a community master plan, an urban proposal for a riverfront, a discussion on landscape architectural theory, a National Historical Park competition project dedicated to women, a paper on animation and architecture and a feminist discussion on women\u27s accessibility to the architecture profession. Lastly, there is a panel discussion between women architects on the topic of architecture in our cities.https://dc.uwm.edu/caupr_mono/1044/thumbnail.jp
Origins of the extragalactic background at 1mm from a combined analysis of the AzTEC and MAMBO data in GOODS-N
We present a study of the cosmic infrared background, which is a measure of
the dust obscured activity in all galaxies in the Universe. We venture to
isolate the galaxies responsible for the background at 1mm; with spectroscopic
and photometric redshifts we constrain the redshift distribution of these
galaxies. We create a deep 1.16mm map (sigma ~ 0.5mJy) by combining the AzTEC
1.1mm and MAMBO 1.2mm datasets in GOODS-N. This combined map contains 41 secure
detections, 13 of which are new. By averaging the 1.16mm flux densities of
individually undetected galaxies with 24um flux densities > 25uJy, we resolve
31--45 per cent of the 1.16mm background. Repeating our analysis on the SCUBA
850um map, we resolve a higher percentage (40--64 per cent) of the 850um
background. A majority of the background resolved (attributed to individual
galaxies) at both wavelengths comes from galaxies at z > 1.3. If the ratio of
the resolved submillimeter to millimeter background is applied to a reasonable
scenario for the origins of the unresolved submillimeter background, 60--88 per
cent of the total 1.16mm background comes from galaxies at z > 1.3.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. The combined map is publicly
available at http://www.astro.umass.edu/~pope/goodsn_mm
BLAST Observations of the South Ecliptic Pole field: Number Counts and Source Catalogs
We present results from a survey carried out by the Balloon-borne Large
Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) on a 9 deg^2 field near the South
Ecliptic Pole at 250, 350 and 500 {\mu}m. The median 1{\sigma} depths of the
maps are 36.0, 26.4 and 18.4 mJy, respectively. We apply a statistical method
to estimate submillimeter galaxy number counts and find that they are in
agreement with other measurements made with the same instrument and with the
more recent results from Herschel/SPIRE. Thanks to the large field observed,
the new measurements give additional constraints on the bright end of the
counts. We identify 132, 89 and 61 sources with S/N>4 at 250, 350, 500 {\mu}m,
respectively and provide a multi-wavelength combined catalog of 232 sources
with a significance >4{\sigma} in at least one BLAST band. The new BLAST maps
and catalogs are available publicly at http://blastexperiment.info.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, Accepted by ApJS. Maps and catalogs
available at http://blastexperiment.info
Thymus transplantation for complete DiGeorge syndrome: European experience
Background: Thymus transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of athymic complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS). Methods: Twelve patients with cDGS were transplanted with allogeneic cultured thymus. Objective: To confirm and extend the results previously obtained in a single centre. Results: Two patients died of pre-existing viral infections without developing thymopoeisis and one late death occurred from autoimmune thrombocytopaenia. One infant suffered septic shock shortly after transplant resulting in graft loss and the need for a second transplant. Evidence of thymopoeisis developed from 5-6 months after transplantation in ten patients. The median (range) of circulating naïve CD4 counts (x10663 /L) were 44(11-440) and 200(5-310) at twelve and twenty-four months post-transplant and T-cell receptor excision circles were 2238 (320-8807) and 4184 (1582 -24596) per106 65 T-cells. Counts did not usually reach normal levels for age but patients were able to clear pre-existing and later acquired infections. At a median of 49 months (22-80), eight have ceased prophylactic antimicrobials and five immunoglobulin replacement. Histological confirmation of thymopoeisis was seen in seven of eleven patients undergoing biopsy of transplanted tissue including five showing full maturation through to the terminal stage of Hassall body formation. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) expression was also demonstrated. Autoimmune complications were seen in 7/12 patients. In two, early transient autoimmune haemolysis settled after treatment and did not recur. The other five suffered ongoing autoimmune problems including: thyroiditis (3); haemolysis (1), thrombocytopaenia (4) and neutropenia (1). Conclusions: This study confirms the previous reports that thymus transplantation can reconstitute T cells in cDGS but with frequent autoimmune complications in survivors
Spitzer MIPS 24 and 70 micron Imaging near the South Ecliptic Pole: Maps and Source Catalogs
We have imaged an 11.5 sq. deg. region of sky towards the South Ecliptic Pole
(RA = 04h43m, Dec = -53d40m, J2000) at 24 and 70 microns with MIPS, the
Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer. This region is coincident with a
field mapped at longer wavelengths by AKARI and the Balloon-borne Large
Aperture Submillimeter Telescope. We discuss our data reduction and source
extraction procedures. The median depths of the maps are 47 microJy/beam at 24
micron and 4.3 mJy/beam at 70 micron. At 24 micron, we identify 93098 point
sources with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) >5, and an additional 63 resolved
galaxies; at 70 micron, we identify 891 point sources with SNR >6. From
simulations, we determine a false detection rate of 1.8% (1.1%) for the 24
micron (70 micron) catalog. The 24 and 70 micron point-source catalogs are 80%
complete at 230 microJy and 11 mJy, respectively. These mosaic images and
source catalogs will be available to the public through the NASA/IPAC Infrared
Science Archive.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to ApJS. Maps and catalogs
can be downloaded from
http://blastexperiment.info/release/SEP_MIPS/sep-mips.php, and will be soon
be available through IRS
Can Broader Diffusion of Value-Based Insurance Design Increase Benefits from US Health Care without Increasing Costs? Evidence from a Computer Simulation Model
Using a computer simulation based on US data, R. Scott Braithwaite and colleagues calculate the benefits of value-based insurance design, in which patients pay less for highly cost-effective services
Genome-Wide Association Study and Gene Expression Analysis Identifies CD84 as a Predictor of Response to Etanercept Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) biologic therapy is a widely used treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is unknown why some RA patients fail to respond adequately to anti-TNF therapy, which limits the development of clinical biomarkers to predict response or new drugs to target refractory cases. To understand the biological basis of response to anti-TNF therapy, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of more than 2 million common variants in 2,706 RA patients from 13 different collections. Patients were treated with one of three anti-TNF medications: etanercept (n = 733), infliximab (n = 894), or adalimumab (n = 1,071). We identified a SNP (rs6427528) at the 1q23 locus that was associated with change in disease activity score (ΔDAS) in the etanercept subset of patients (P = 8×10-8), but not in the infliximab or adalimumab subsets (P>0.05). The SNP is predicted to disrupt transcription factor binding site motifs in the 3′ UTR of an immune-related gene, CD84, and the allele associated with better response to etanercept was associated with higher CD84 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P = 1×10-11 in 228 non-RA patients and P = 0.004 in 132 RA patients). Consistent with the genetic findings, higher CD84 gene expression correlated with lower cross-sectional DAS (P = 0.02, n = 210) and showed a non-significant trend for better ΔDAS in a subset of RA patients with gene expression data (n = 31, etanercept-treated). A small, multi-ethnic replication showed a non-significant trend towards an association among etanercept-treated RA patients of Portuguese ancestry (n = 139, P = 0.4), but no association among patients of Japanese ancestry (n = 151, P = 0.8). Our study demonstrates that an allele associated with response to etanercept therapy is also associated with CD84 gene expression, and further that CD84 expression correlates with disease activity. These findings support a model in which CD84 genotypes and/or expression may serve as a useful biomarker for response to etanercept treatment in RA patients of European ancestry. © 2013 Cui et al
An AzTEC 1.1 mm survey of the GOODS-N field – II. Multiwavelength identifications and redshift distribution
We present results from a multiwavelength study of 29 sources (false detection probabilities <5 per cent) from a survey of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) field at 1.1 mm using the Astronomical Thermal Emission Camera (AzTEC). Comparing with existing 850 μm Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) studies in the field, we examine differences in the source populations selected at the two wavelengths. The AzTEC observations uniformly cover the entire survey field to a 1σ depth of ~1 mJy. Searching deep 1.4 GHz Very Large Array (VLA) and Spitzer 3–24 μm catalogues, we identify robust counterparts for 21 1.1 mm sources, and tentative associations for the remaining objects. The redshift distribution of AzTEC sources is inferred from available spectroscopic and photometric redshifts. We find a median redshift of z= 2.7 , somewhat higher than z= 2.0 for 850 μm selected sources in the same field, and our lowest redshift identification lies at a spectroscopic redshift z= 1.1460 . We measure the 850 μm to 1.1 mm colour of our sources and do not find evidence for '850 μm dropouts', which can be explained by the low signal-to-noise ratio of the observations. We also combine these observed colours with spectroscopic redshifts to derive the range of dust temperatures T, and dust emissivity indices β for the sample, concluding that existing estimates T ~ 30 K and β ~ 1.75 are consistent with these new data
A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants.
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Publishing Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3448Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, with limited therapeutic options. Here we report on a study of >12 million variants, including 163,714 directly genotyped, mostly rare, protein-altering variants. Analyzing 16,144 patients and 17,832 controls, we identify 52 independently associated common and rare variants (P < 5 × 10(-8)) distributed across 34 loci. Although wet and dry AMD subtypes exhibit predominantly shared genetics, we identify the first genetic association signal specific to wet AMD, near MMP9 (difference P value = 4.1 × 10(-10)). Very rare coding variants (frequency <0.1%) in CFH, CFI and TIMP3 suggest causal roles for these genes, as does a splice variant in SLC16A8. Our results support the hypothesis that rare coding variants can pinpoint causal genes within known genetic loci and illustrate that applying the approach systematically to detect new loci requires extremely large sample sizes.We thank all participants of all the studies included for enabling this research by their participation in these studies. Computer resources for this project have been provided by the high-performance computing centers of the University of Michigan and the University of Regensburg. Group-specific acknowledgments can be found in the Supplementary Note. The Center for Inherited Diseases Research (CIDR) Program contract number is HHSN268201200008I. This and the main consortium work were predominantly funded by 1X01HG006934-01 to G.R.A. and R01 EY022310 to J.L.H
CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB)
experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB
measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the
Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of
structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the
quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the
experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting
framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool,
targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar
ratio, , in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing
of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the
achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast
the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology
allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a
flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired
scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic
tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of
additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several
independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for
CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current
reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4
experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial
gravitational waves for at greater than , or, in the
absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of at CL.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note:
text overlap with arXiv:1907.0447
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