Instrumentation acoustique de mesure vectorielle haute fréquence (application à la signature acoustique des matériaux par microscopie)

MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mono-injection intra-articulaire d'acide hyaluronique dans la gonarthrose : Étude multicentrique prospective ouverte (ART-ONE 75) avec comparaison post hoc versus placebo

Résumé: Introduction: La viscosupplémentation du liquide synovial par injection intra-articulaire d'acide hyaluronique est un traitement symptomatique de l'arthrose, largement utilisé dans la gonarthrose (arthrose du genou). À côté des produits conçus pour être administrés par injections multiples (typiquement 3 à 5 injections à intervalles de 1 semaine), un intérêt particulier se porte sur produits en injection unique (mono-injection) qui offrent des avantages spécifiques tels que la réduction du nombre de visites au médecin et du nombre d'interventions invasives avec leurs risques associés. Il subsiste toutefois une question concernant l'efficacité de ces mono-injections, par rapport aux protocoles à injections multiples. Méthodes: Une étude post-commercialisation, prospective, multicentrique, ouverte (ART-ONE 75), a été réalisée avec le produit pour injection unique Arthrum 2,5 % (3 mL, 75 mg d'acide hyaluronique) (LCA Pharmaceutical, Chartres, France), sur 214 patients atteints de gonarthrose. Les patients ont été suivis à 30, 60, 120 et 180 jours. Le profil moyen des patients à l'inclusion était un âge de 62,9 ans, 56 % de femmes, un stade radiologique Kellgren-Lawrence de I à III (46 % KL III), un indice de masse corporelle de 27,2 kg/m2 et une antériorité de 4 ans pour la gonarthrose. Une comparaison post hoc a été réalisée par rapport à une injection intra-articulaire unique de placebo (326 patients regroupés à partir de 3 essais randomisés contrôlés), et présentant un profil similaire de patients. Résultats: Le critère principal était la variation par rapport à la baseline, de l'indice Western Ontario and McMaster Universities, sous-échelle de la douleur (WOMAC A) dont le score (base 0–100), était réduit à 60 jours, de 28,9 (17,4) pour la population en intention de traiter (199 patients), de 28,0 (17,8) pour la population per protocole à l'inclusion (175 patients), et de 27,7 (16.8) pour la population per protocole ayant terminé l'étude (143 patients). Les critères secondaires et accessoires comprenaient le score WOMAC A aux autres dates, le score WOMAC B (raideur), le score WOMAC C (fonction), la qualité de vie et le handicap à chaque date de suivi. Tous les indices étaient significativement améliorés et continuaient à s'améliorer à la fin de l’étude. L’évaluation thérapeutique à 180 jours a montré que plus de 75 % des patients étaient satisfaits de la réduction de la douleur, de l'amélioration de la mobilité et de la réduction de la consommation d'analgésiques et d'anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens. Le pourcentage de patients définis comme répondeurs selon les critères de l'OMERACT–OARSI Initiative était > 86 %, à partir de 60 jours. La tolérance globale était bonne, sans aucun évènement indésirable grave. Les résultats de la comparaison post hoc pour le score WOMAC A ont montré une taille d'effet variant de 0,33 (IC 95 % 0,15–0,51), à 60 jours à 0,65 (IC 95 % 0,45–0,85) à 180 jours (p 2 MDa)

Le réseau de radar Stratophérique-Troposphérique au cours de la campagne MAP: aspects observationnels et scientifiques

International audienceEine internationale Kampagne des Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP) fand vom 7. September bis 15. November 1999 in den Alpen statt. Sie widmete sich der Untersuchung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen großräumigen Prozessen und der mesoskaligen Strömung über komplexem, gebirgigem Untergrund. Zahlreiche Instrumentensysteme in der Luft und am Boden, mesoskalige numerische Modelle, sowie Radiosonden und Satellitenmessungen kamen bei der Kampagne zum Einsatz. Während MAP bestand das französische ST (Strato-troposphärische) Forschungsradarnetz aus fünf VHF (Very High Frequency) und drei UHF (Ultra High Frequency) Profilern. Vier VHFs und zwei UHFs waren in Südfrankreich stationiert und ein VHF sowie ein UHF befanden sich in Italien, im Gebiet des Lago Maggiore. Die VHFs lieferten in 15-minütiger Zeitauflösung Vertikalprofile des Windes und die vertikale SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) von der unteren Troposphäre bis zu oberen Troposphären- und unteren Stratosphärenschichten, je nach Instrument und/oder Atmosphärenbedingungen. Die gleiche Art Daten wurde von den UHFs erzeugt, jedoch aus Höhen von einigen 100 m bis zu etwa 3 km. Alle Instrumente gestatteten es, in ihrem jeweiligen Höhenbereich die zeitliche Entwicklung und die Vertikalstruktur der mesoskaligen dynamischen Prozesse aufzuzeichnen. Es werden hier VHF-Beobachtungen vorgestellt, die während des Durchgangs von Anomalien der PV (Potentielle Vorticity) - sogenannte PV-streamer - über Südfrankreich und der Gegend des Lago Maggiore entstanden. Dies beinhaltet Durchgänge des Strahlstroms und Tropopausen-Variationen. Außerdem werden UHF-Beobachtungen des Winds in der unteren Troposphäre am Ausgang des Rhônetals, als Mistral bekannt, vorgestellt. Vorläufige Analysen zeigen, dass unsere Beobachtungen sowohl untereinander als auch mit Modell-Analysen im synoptischen Scale des ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) konsistent sind. Darüber hinaus werden Quervergleiche mit Mesoskalen-Modellen durchgeführt, mit deren Hilfe es möglich ist, einige mesoskalige Aspekte der atmosphärischen Dynamik zu untersuchen.The Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP) international cooperative campaign took place over and around the Alps between 99/09/07 and 99/11/15 and was devoted to the study of the interactions between large-scale processes and the meso-scale flow over a complex mountainous terrain. Numerous airborne and ground based instrumental systems and meso-scale numerical models were involved in the campaign, as well as radiosoundings and satellite observations. During MAP the French ST (Strato-Tropospheric) radar research-network consisted of five VHF (Very High Frequency) and three UHF (Ultra High Frequency) profilers. Four VHF's and two UHF's were installed in southern France and one VHF and one UHF were in Italy, in the Lago Maggiore target area. The VHF's provided 15-min time-resolution vertical profiles of wind and vertical SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) from the low troposphere up to high tropospheric or low stratospheric levels, depending on the instrument and/or the atmospheric conditions. The same kind of data were obtained by the UHF's, but from a few hundreds of meters up to about 3 km. In their respective altitude ranges, all these instruments allowed the time evolution and the vertical structure of meso-scale dynamic processes to be documented. VHF observations made during upper-level PV-anomaly passages (PV streamers) above southern France and Lago Maggiore area, including jet-stream passages and tropopause variations, are presented here. UHF observations of the low-tropospheric wind at the exit of the Rhône-valley, locally called Mistral, are also presented. Preliminary analyses show that our observations are consistent both between themselves and with synoptic-scale ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)-model analyses. In addition, cross-comparisons with meso-scale model simulations are made allowing some meso-scale aspects of the atmospheric dynamics to be investigated

COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases treated with rituximab: a cohort study

International audienceBackground: Various observations have suggested that the course of COVID-19 might be less favourable in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases receiving rituximab compared with those not receiving rituximab. We aimed to investigate whether treatment with rituximab is associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.Methods: In this cohort study, we analysed data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, which included patients aged 18 years or older with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and highly suspected or confirmed COVID-19. The primary endpoint was the severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with rituximab (rituximab group) compared with patients who did not receive rituximab (no rituximab group). Severe disease was defined as that requiring admission to an intensive care unit or leading to death. Secondary objectives were to analyse deaths and duration of hospital stay. The inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score method was used to adjust for potential confounding factors (age, sex, arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, body-mass index, interstitial lung disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, corticosteroid use, chronic renal failure, and the underlying disease [rheumatoid arthritis vs others]). Odds ratios and hazard ratios and their 95% CIs were calculated as effect size, by dividing the two population mean differences by their SD. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04353609.Findings: Between April 15, 2020, and Nov 20, 2020, data were collected for 1090 patients (mean age 55·2 years [SD 16·4]); 734 (67%) were female and 356 (33%) were male. Of the 1090 patients, 137 (13%) developed severe COVID-19 and 89 (8%) died. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, severe disease was observed more frequently (effect size 3·26, 95% CI 1·66-6·40, p=0·0006) and the duration of hospital stay was markedly longer (0·62, 0·46-0·85, p=0·0024) in the 63 patients in the rituximab group than in the 1027 patients in the no rituximab group. 13 (21%) of 63 patients in the rituximab group died compared with 76 (7%) of 1027 patients in the no rituximab group, but the adjusted risk of death was not significantly increased in the rituximab group (effect size 1·32, 95% CI 0·55-3·19, p=0·53).Interpretation: Rituximab therapy is associated with more severe COVID-19. Rituximab will have to be prescribed with particular caution in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients

International audienceObjectives: There is little known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (iRMD). We examined epidemiological characteristics associated with severe disease, then with death. We also compared mortality between patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with and without iRMD.Methods: Individuals with suspected iRMD-COVID-19 were included in this French cohort. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of severe COVID-19. The most significant clinically relevant factors were analysed by multivariable penalised logistic regression models, using a forward selection method. The death rate of hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 (moderate-severe) was compared with a subset of patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19 from a French hospital matched for age, sex, and comorbidities.Results: Of 694 adults, 438 (63%) developed mild (not hospitalised), 169 (24%) moderate (hospitalised out of the intensive care unit (ICU) and 87 (13%) severe (patients in ICU/deceased) disease. In multivariable imputed analyses, the variables associated with severe infection were age (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), female gender (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80), body mass index (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), hypertension (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.42), and use of corticosteroids (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.54), mycophenolate mofetil (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 1.47-29.62) and rituximab (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.61-10.98). Fifty-eight patients died (8% (total) and 23% (hospitalised)). Compared with 175 matched hospitalised patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19, the OR of mortality associated with hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87-2.42) (n=175 each group).Conclusions: In the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, as already identified in the general population, older age, male gender, obesity, and hypertension were found to be associated with severe COVID-19. Patients with iRMD on corticosteroids, but not methotrexate, or tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 inhibitors, should be considered as more likely to develop severe COVID-19. Unlike common comorbidities such as obesity, and cardiovascular or lung diseases, the risk of death is not significantly increased in patients with iRMD

Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients

International audienceObjectives: There is little known about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (iRMD). We examined epidemiological characteristics associated with severe disease, then with death. We also compared mortality between patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with and without iRMD.Methods: Individuals with suspected iRMD-COVID-19 were included in this French cohort. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of severe COVID-19. The most significant clinically relevant factors were analysed by multivariable penalised logistic regression models, using a forward selection method. The death rate of hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 (moderate-severe) was compared with a subset of patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19 from a French hospital matched for age, sex, and comorbidities.Results: Of 694 adults, 438 (63%) developed mild (not hospitalised), 169 (24%) moderate (hospitalised out of the intensive care unit (ICU) and 87 (13%) severe (patients in ICU/deceased) disease. In multivariable imputed analyses, the variables associated with severe infection were age (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10), female gender (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80), body mass index (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.12), hypertension (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.42), and use of corticosteroids (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.54), mycophenolate mofetil (OR=6.6, 95% CI: 1.47-29.62) and rituximab (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 1.61-10.98). Fifty-eight patients died (8% (total) and 23% (hospitalised)). Compared with 175 matched hospitalised patients with non-iRMD-COVID-19, the OR of mortality associated with hospitalised patients with iRMD-COVID-19 was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87-2.42) (n=175 each group).Conclusions: In the French RMD COVID-19 cohort, as already identified in the general population, older age, male gender, obesity, and hypertension were found to be associated with severe COVID-19. Patients with iRMD on corticosteroids, but not methotrexate, or tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 inhibitors, should be considered as more likely to develop severe COVID-19. Unlike common comorbidities such as obesity, and cardiovascular or lung diseases, the risk of death is not significantly increased in patients with iRMD