23 research outputs found

    Formulation d'activateurs de surface pour l'amélioration du collage thermoplastique et thermodurcissable du PEEK et de son composite fibre de carbone

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    Au cours de ces travaux de thĂšse, la formulation et la mise en Ɠuvre de mĂ©langes rĂ©actifs Ă  viscositĂ© Ă©levĂ©e (organogels) ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Ces formules ont Ă©tĂ© conçues, afin de fonctionnaliser la surface du PEEK (polyĂ©therĂ©thercĂ©tone), polymĂšre thermoplastique thermostable et celle de son composite Ă  fibres de carbone. Ces formules rĂ©actives reposent chimiquement sur la substitution des fonctions carbonyles du PEEK ; par des fonctions alcools ou des fonctions Ă©poxydes. La rĂ©activitĂ© des diffĂ©rentes formules ainsi que l'influence des modifications de surface sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s des matĂ©riaux ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es par analyse spectroscopiques et thermiques. Cette activation de surface par voie gel a permis l'amĂ©lioration des propriĂ©tĂ©s adhĂ©sives du PEEK et du PEEK/FC pour un collage structural Ă  partir d'un adhĂ©sif thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique. Les essais mĂ©caniques rĂ©alisĂ©s sur des assemblages, dont les surfaces ont Ă©tĂ© optimisĂ©es par abrasion mĂ©canique et activation chimique, rĂ©vĂšlent une amĂ©lioration de 225% de la contrainte Ă  la rupture.Modifications of polymer surface are an attractive approach to introduce specific moeities or reactive groups on expensive polymer surface in order to preserve their desirable bulk properties. The modified surface is able to alter the chemical structure of materials and consequently their wettability, biocompatibility or adhesion properties. The present work is focused on the development of high viscosity formulations in order to functionalize the surface of the thermostable thermoplastic polymer PEEK and its carbon fiber composite. These modifications were based on the substitution of carbonyl functions either by alcohol or by epoxide functions. The influence of these modifications on the material surface properties were studied by spectroscopic and thermal analysis. The aim of these surface activations by gel was the enhancement of the adhesive properties of PEEK and PEEK / FC for structural bonding from a thermoset or thermoplastic adhesive. Mechanical tests on samples activated by mechanical anchoring and gel treatments show an improvement of the tensile strength until 225%

    Étude de la signalisation membranaire prĂ©coce au cours des phĂ©nomĂšnes de mort cellulaire induits par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, cancĂ©rogĂšnes chimiques environnementaux

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    De par son environnement, l Homme est réguliÚrement exposé aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) à l origine de nombreux cancers. Récemment, il a été montré que consommer les oméga-,3 acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA) et acide eicosapentaénoïque (EPA), réduisait l apparition de certains cancers. Nos travaux précédents ont montré que dans les cellules épithéliales he patiques F258 de rat traitées par un HAP, le B[a]P, la régulation du pH intracellulaire par l isoforme 1 de l échangeur Na /H (NHE1) et la protéine suppresseur de tumeur p53 sont des cibles précoces impliquées dans l apoptose associée. Mes travaux de Doctorat ont montré que 1) le couple GSK3a/c-Myc est impliqué dans le dysfonctionnement mitochondrial associé à l apoptose induite par le B[a]P. 2) L apoptose induite par le B[a]P est inhibée par le DHA et l EPA dans les cellules immortalisées F258 alors qu elle est potentialisée dans les cellules cancéreuses Hepa1c1c7.Human is continuously exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Such an exposition has been reported to induce diverse types of cancers. Nowadays, it appears that consuming marine omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), reduces the incidence of cancer. Our previous works show that the isoform 1 of the Na /H exchanger (NHE1) and p53 pathways are implicated in B[a]P-induced apoptosis in rat liver epithelial cells F258. The results of my PhD work show 1) that the couple GSK3a/c-Myc is implicated in mitochondria dysfunction associated in B[a]P-induced apoptosis and that these proteins are regulated by NHE1 and p53 pathways. 2) the apoptosis induced by B[a]P is inhibited by DHA and EPA in F258 cell whereas increases in Hepa1c1c7 cells with DHA and EPA.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Alternariol induces abnormal nuclear morphology and cell cycle arrest in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages.

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    International audienceThe mycotoxin alternariol (AOH), a frequent contaminant in fruit and cereal products, is known to induce DNA damage with subsequent cell cycle arrest. Here we elucidated the effects of AOH on stages of cell cycle progression using the RAW 264.7 macrophage model. AOH resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G2/M-phase (4N). Most cells exhibited a large G2 nucleus whereas numbers of true mitotic cells were reduced relative to control. Both cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 levels increased, while cyclin B1 remained in the cytoplasm; suggesting arrest in the G2/M transition point. Remarkably, after exposure to AOH for 24h, most of the cells exhibited abnormally shaped nuclei, as evidenced by partly divided nuclei, nuclear blebs, polyploidy and micronuclei (MN). AOH treatment also induced abnormal Aurora B bridges, suggesting that cytokinesis was interfered within cells undergoing karyokinesis. A minor part of the resultant G1 tetraploid (4N) cells re-entered the S-phase and progressed to 8N cells
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