56 research outputs found
Mate Tea Prevents Oxidative Stress in the Blood and Hippocampus of Rats with Acute or Chronic Ethanol Administration
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic intake of mate tea on the effects elicited by acute and chronic administration of ethanol. Methods. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), as well as the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus and blood of rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups, for both acute and chronic treatment: (1) control group, (2) treated group, (3) intoxicated group, (4) and intoxicated group treated with mate tea. Results. Both ethanol administrations significantly increased TBARS in plasma and hippocampus of rats and altered antioxidant enzyme activities, changes which were reverted by mate tea administration. Conclusions. Data indicate that acute and chronic ethanol administration induced oxidative stress in hippocampus and blood and that mate tea treatment was able to prevent this situation
Simvastatin treatment reduces the cholesterol content of membrane/lipid rafts, implicating the N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor in anxiety: a literature review
Membrane/lipid rafts (MLRs) are plasmalemmal microdomains that are essential for neuronal signaling and synaptic development/stabilization. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase (statins) can disable the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor through disruption of MLRs and, in turn, decrease NMDA-mediated anxiety. This hypothesis will contribute to understanding the critical roles of simvastatin in treating anxiety via the NMDA receptor
Epidemiological characteristics and causes of death after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – SAH
This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths after SAH in patients admitted to a referral hospital in southern Brazil. A hospital database was used, comprising the years 2006-2018, composed of 148 patients. Cross-tabulations and Logistic Regression were performed to determine the odds of death of epidemiological characteristics. Ruptured aneurysms had a higher incidence in women, aged between 41 and 60 years. Headache is the predominant symptom in 95% patients. Hypertension (61%) and smoking (47%) are the prevalent risk factors. The age group with the highest frequency of deaths is 71 to 80 years old. The causes of death are: external ventricular shunt (34%), ischemic injury (9%), bleeding (7%), cerebral edema (8%), sepsis (28%) and pneumonia (24.3%). Knowing the risk factors and complications involved provide important insights that help in understanding their genesis, treatment and prevention
Efeito da prolina sobre a captação de glutamato em fatias de córtex cerebral e hipocampo de ratos
37
Disorders caused by contaminated fish meat consumption: Literature review / Doenças causadas por consume de carne de peixe contaminada: Revisão de literatura
Between 2007 and 2017, Brazil registered 99,826 outbreaks of foodborne diseases and 0.84% of those were associated with fish meat intake. It is estimated that approximately 56 million infection cases occur worldwide due to raw or undercooked fish meat containing several disease-causing parasites. Hence, this study aimed to review the literature concerning diseases caused by ingestion of contaminated fish meat. Reviews, case reports and epidemiologic studies were searched in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the databases LILACS, Pubmed, Science Direct, SciElo and Scholar Google using as keywords: transmissive diseases, contaminated fish and human infections were used to retrieve papers from 2014 to 2020. Nine papers, including seven reviews, one case report and one case-control study fulfilled inclusion criteria and presented several consequences of contaminated raw or undercooked fish meat ingestion, which ranged from nemathode, bacterial and toxin diseases that may cause gastrointestinal problems to allergic reactions, lung infection, endemic acute myalgia, bacteremia, meningitis and death. Growing fish meat intake in several dishes presents significant health risk due to the pathogenic potential of toxins and parasites that remain when food is consumed raw or undercooked. Tighter sanitary surveillance, population health education, training and sensitization of health professionals in recognizing and notifying cases might contribute to minimize risk
Avaliação do conteúdo lipídico em hipocampo e cerebelo de ratos submetidos ao modelo experimental de hiperprolinemia tipo II
29
Guanidinoacetate alters antioxidant defenses and butyrylcholinesterase activity in the blood of rats
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase, the first described creatine biosynthesis defect, leads to depletion of creatine and phosphocreatine, and accumulation of guanidinoacetate (GAA) in brain and body fluids. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of GAA on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in the blood of rats. Results showed that GAA enhanced the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the erythrocytes and BuChE activity. In addition, GAA enhanced TBARS levels in the plasma. Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), GSH (glutathione) and L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) addition prevented the majority of alterations in oxidative stress parameters and the increase of BuChE activity that were caused by GAA. Data suggest that GAA alters antioxidant defenses and induces lipid peroxidation in the blood, as well altering BuChE activity. However, in the presence of trolox, GSH and L-NAME some of these alterations in oxidative stress and BuChE activity were prevented. Our findings lend support to a potential therapeutic strategy for this condition, which may include the use of appropriate antioxidants for ameliorating the damage caused by GAA
BIOQUÍMICA MITOCONDRIAL E ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO NO TRANSTORNO BIPOLAR: NOVOS HORIZONTES
Este artigo é uma revisão do efeito do estresse oxidativo (EO) no Transtorno Bipolar (TB). Esta doença é caracterizada como sendo crônica, grave, com alta morbidade, mortalidade e altas taxas de suicídio. É uma doença progressiva, com episódios cada vez mais curtos e frequentes ao longo do tempo. Modificações ocorrem no cérebro, como alterações na neuroplasticidade, neurotransmissão, falhas na apoptose, ativação no processo imunoinflamatório, com alterações na via de sinalização do cálcio, e mais recentemente, sobre o EO. Esses eventos envolvem uma reorganização patológica no cérebro e, portanto, estão associados a alterações morfológicas, como; redução do volume do córtex pré-frontal, do hipocampo e da amígdala aumentada. Essas alterações estruturais e bioquímicas são conhecidas como neuroprogressão, e apresentam diferenças entre o estágio inicial e final do TB. Neurônios e células da glia têm uma das mais altas demandas de energia, onde estas alterações bioquímicas e anatômicas afetam essas células e principalmente organelas, como as mitocôndrias. A mitocôndria é uma organela especializada que gera trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) sendo considerada a principal fonte de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e espécies reativas de nitrogênio (ERNs), produzidas pela cadeia de transporte de elétrons (CTE), levando assim ao EO. O papel do EO na fisiopatologia da TB tem sido investigado em vários estudos relatando mudanças nos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes, na peroxidação lipídica e do óxido nítrico (NO). Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos do TB contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da atividade da doença e podem revelar possíveis soluções para o diagnóstico e prognóstico
Efeitos da reabilitação cardiovascular sobre o índice de massa corporal e razão cintura/quadril de cardiopatas / Effects of cardiovascular rehabilitation on body mass index and waist/hip ratio of cardiopaths
Objetivo: A referida pesquisa almeja investigar os efeitos do programa de Reabilitação Cardiovascular (RCV) fase 3 da Univille sobre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Razão Cintura/Quadril (RCQ) de cardiopatas após síndrome coronariana aguda. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo trata-se de um ensaio clínico não randomizado de cunho quantitativo. A amostra foi composta por oito cardiopatas com média de idade de 71,25 ± 9,56 anos, de ambos os gêneros, que participaram do programa no ano de 2019. Foi realizado os cálculos de IMC e de RCQ pré e pós participação. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2019, e armazenados em um banco de dados utilizando o Microsoft Excel® for Windows®10. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado através do software Statistica, versão 13. A normalidade da distribuição dos dados foi avaliada pelo Teste Shapiro Wilk’s e teste t de Student para observações dependentes, e o nível de significância adotado foi de p<0,05. Resultados: Mesmo tendo encontrado resultados não significativos do ponto de vista estatístico, foi observado um desfecho clínico favorável do RCQ de 25%, proporcionando a redução da porcentagem referente a quantidade de indivíduos que se mantinham fora do ponto de corte (classificação Ideal - “Baixo”). No IMC, para a classificação “obesidade” não se constatou alteração no grupo, porém, a classificação “sobrepeso” teve uma redução de 13%, consequentemente a classificação “adequado” aumentou de 25% para 38%, melhorando o IMC dos cardiopatas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que mesmo não obtendo resultados significativos estatisticamente nas variáveis de desfecho, foi possível observar a melhora clínica de alguns pacientes que se encontravam em um grupo de risco em relação ao RCQ e IMC e após a intervenção, migraram para a faixa de normalidade prevista no protocolo.
Substantial extracellular metabolic differences found between phylogenetically closely related probiotic and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli
Since its first isolation a century ago, the gut inhabitant Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 has been shown to have probiotic activities; however, it is yet not fully elucidated which differential factors play key roles in its beneficial interactions with the host. To date, no metabolomics studies have been reported investigating the potential role of small molecules in functional strain differentiation of Nissle from its genetically close neighbors. Here, we present results of liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry characterization of extracellular metabolomes of E. coli strains as a proxy of their bioactivity potential. We found that phylogroup B2 strains exported a more diverse arsenal of metabolites than strains of other phylogroups. Zooming into the phylogroup B2 metabolome identified consistent substantial differences between metabolic output of E. coli Nissle and other strains, particularly in metabolites associated to the Argimine biosynthesis pathway. Nissle was found to release higher levels of Ornithine and Citrulline whilst depleting greater amounts of Arginine from the medium. Moreover, a novel Nissle-specific metabolite not reported before in bacteria, 5-(Carbamoylamino)-2-hydroxypentanoic acid (Citrulline/Arginic Acid related) was observed. Finally, Nissle, CFT073 and NCTC12241/ATCC25922 shared the excretion of N5-Acetylornithine, whereas other strains released N2-Acetylornithine or no N-Acetylornithine at all. Thus, we found substantial metabolic differences in phylogenetically very similar E. coli strains, an observation which suggests that it is justified to further investigate roles of small molecules as potential modulators of the gut environment by probiotic, commensal, and pathogenic strains, including E. coli Nissle 1917
- …