The fretted terrain of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars: Clues to the timing of dichotomy formation and the emplacement of the northern plains

Geologic mapping of the fretted terrain of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars has revealed geomorphic evidence that the breakup of the plateau units to the south of Nilosyrtis occurred well before the plains units to the north were emplaced in the late Hesperian time. The plains units were deposited against the fretted terrain which has undergone some modification by mass wasting but not significant backwasting. The morphology observed at the contact between plains and the fretted terrain is consistent with that expected where the edge of a pile of sedimentary debris has undergone mass wasting and other erosion

Magnetic Flux Density Sensor Analysis

Undergraduate Basi

Physical activity interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. A diagnosis of colorectal cancer and subsequent treatment can adversely affect an individuals physical and mental health. Benefits of physical activity interventions in alleviating treatment side effects have been demonstrated in other cancer populations. Given that regular physical activity can decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause and cancer mortality risk, physical activity interventions may have a role to play in the colorectal cancer control continuum. Evidence of the efficacy of physical activity interventions in this population remains unclear. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of physical activity interventions on the disease-related physical and mental health of individuals diagnosed with non-advanced colorectal cancer, staged as T1-4 N0-2 M0, treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy), or both. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2019, Issue 6), along with OVID MEDLINE, six other databases and four trial registries with no language or date restrictions. We screened reference lists of relevant publications and handsearched meeting abstracts and conference proceedings of relevant organisations for additional relevant studies. All searches were completed between 6 June and 14 June 2019. Selection criteria: We included randomised control trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs comparing physical activity interventions, to usual care or no physical activity intervention in adults with non-advanced colorectal cancer. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently selected studies, performed the data extraction, assessed the risk of bias and rated the quality of the studies using GRADE criteria. We pooled data for meta-analyses by length of follow-up, reported as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) using random-effects wherever possible, or the fixed-effect model, where appropriate. If a meta-analysis was not possible, we synthesised studies narratively. Main results: We identified 16 RCTs, involving 992 participants; 524 were allocated to a physical activity intervention group and 468 to a usual care control group. The mean age of participants ranged between 51 and 69 years. Ten studies included participants who had finished active treatment, two studies included participants who were receiving active treatment, two studies included both those receiving and finished active treatment. It was unclear whether participants were receiving or finished treatment in two studies. Type, setting and duration of physical activity intervention varied between trials. Three studies opted for supervised interventions, five for home-based self-directed interventions and seven studies opted for a combination of supervised and self-directed programmes. One study did not report the intervention setting. The most common intervention duration was 12 weeks (7 studies). Type of physical activity included walking, cycling, resistance exercise, yoga and core stabilisation exercise. Most of the uncertainty in judging study bias came from a lack of clarity around allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessors. Blinding of participants and personnel was not possible. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate overall. We did not pool physical function results at immediate-term follow-up due to considerable variation in results and inconsistency of direction of effect. We are uncertain whether physical activity interventions improve physical function compared with usual care. We found no evidence of effect of physical activity interventions compared to usual care on disease-related mental health (anxiety: SMD -0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.40 to 0.18; 4 studies, 198 participants; I2 = 0%; and depression: SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.08; 4 studies, 198 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence) at short- or medium-term follow-up. Seven studies reported on adverse events. We did not pool adverse events due to inconsistency in reporting and measurement. We found no evidence of serious adverse events in the intervention or usual care groups. Minor adverse events, such as neck, back and muscle pain were most commonly reported. No studies reported on overall survival or recurrence-free survival and no studies assessed outcomes at long-term follow-up. We found evidence of positive effects of physical activity interventions on the aerobic fitness component of physical fitness (SMD 0.82, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.29; 7 studies, 295; I2 = 68%; low-quality evidence), cancer-related fatigue (MD 2.16, 95% CI 0.18 to 4.15; 6 studies, 230 participants; I2 = 18%; low-quality evidence) and health-related quality of life (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.62; 6 studies, 230 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence) at immediate-term follow-up. These positive effects were also observed at short-term follow-up but not medium-term follow-up. Only three studies reported medium-term follow-up for cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life. Authors' conclusions: The findings of this review should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of studies included and the quality of the evidence. We are uncertain whether physical activity interventions improve physical function. Physical activity interventions may have no effect on disease-related mental health. Physical activity interventions may be beneficial for aerobic fitness, cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life up to six months follow-up. Where reported, adverse events were generally minor. Adequately powered RCTs of high methodological quality with longer-term follow-up are required to assess the effect of physical activity interventions on the disease-related physical and mental health and on survival of people with non-advanced colorectal cancer. Adverse events should be adequately reported.</p

Synthèse et caractérisation de carbures de chrome et de carbures mixtes fer-chrome

Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Public participation within municipalities

A Field Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public AdministrationOver the course of the last two years of participation with the City of Kiel, WI Common Council, I have come to notice that a gap exists between citizen and city hall. It is no more than a lack of communication amongst taxpayer and elected officials who have been appointed for the best interest of the people. This "gap" or lack of participation by citizens has what I believe is a detrimental effect on the performance of local government. I question ethics, roles, spending, and find myself wondering if greater participation by citizens would increase the performance of my local municipality and elected officials. In search for methods of measurement, as well as quantitative data that relates to the topic, I have drawn many blanks. I have turned my interest to forming a survey in which I intend to administer to the general public. This citizen survey will ask questions related to participation and will also be used to gauge citizen satisfaction as a whole. The data that I hope to collect will shed light as to why participation is low, and analysis may prove beneficial in the future for the municipality. I will conclude my research with a presentation to the city in hopes that elected officials will use the information to make necessary changes that can only benefit the city in the years to come. An opportunity such as this survey has not been offered in the City of Kiel since 1987. While I am aiming for positive feedback, I also fear that many comments or suggested resolutions may have negative connotations

Synthèse et caractérisation de carbures de chrome et de carbures mixtes fer-chrome

Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Two Perspectives on Civil Space Traffic Management Implementation

The projected growth of commercial activity in the space domain, as well as the changes in National Security operations, highlight the need for an effective, centralized U.S. Civil Space Traffic Management capability. Recent US legislative and executive branch efforts have centered on a proposed solution based on a Department of Transportation Civil Space Traffic Management concept that enables the Department of Defense to focus resources on National Security concerns. The current concept is a capability that evolves over time to be responsive to civil and commercial operators and focuses on safety and sustainment of the domain. This paper will explore the perceived gaps in Departmental concepts as well as where actual differences exist with respect to roles, responsibilities, and resources. Additionally, the authors will propose a realistic timeline for implementation based on on-going cooperation efforts as well as different perspectives of “norms of behavior”. To further outline a realistic US Civil Space Traffic Management capability, the authors will suggest efforts and milestones required to establish a working capability within the timeline being considered. The authors will further discuss the various definitions and possible end-states that are vital to a successful outcome

The Use of Remote Sensing for Monitoring, Prediction, and Management of Hydrologic, Agricultural, and Ecological Processes in the Northern Great Plains

The NASA-EPSCoR program in South Dakota is focused on the enhancement of NASA-related research in earth system science and corresponding infrastructure development to support this theme. Hence, the program has adopted a strategy that keys on research projects that: a) establish quantitative links between geospatial information technologies and fundamental climatic and ecosystem processes in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) and b) develop and use coupled modeling tools, which can be initialized by data from combined satellite and surface measurements, to provide reliable predictions and management guidance for hydrologic, agricultural, and ecological systems of the NGP. Building a partnership network that includes both internal and external team members is recognized as an essential element of the SD NASA-EPSCoR program. Hence, promoting and tracking such linkages along with their relevant programmatic consequences are used as one metric to assess the program's progress and success. This annual report first summarizes general activities and accomplishments, and then provides progress narratives for the two separate, yet related research projects that are essential components of the SD NASA-EPSCoR program