Relação da vigorexia com o uso de esteroides anabolizantes em praticantes de treinamento de força

Introduction: The use of androgenetic anabolic steroids (AAS) has been reported as present in several sports modalities, associated with their use is the occurrence of autoimaging disorders. Vigorexia is one of these most commonly seen disorders. Objectives: To correlate vigorexia with the use of anabolic steroids in strength training practitioners (TP) within Sports Training Centers (CTE). Materials and Methods: a cross - sectional, quantitative, descriptive survey was carried out between October 2017 and June 2018 in two CTE, located in the peripheral zone of the city and in the noble zone. Composed of 40 volunteers, 20 of the peripheral zone (ZP) and 20 of the noble zone (ZN), classified as vigoréxicos, according to the Adonis Complex Questionnaire. The volunteers also completed a questionnaire with questions related to the use of anabolic steroids. For the comparison of the data, the Student's t-test was used for independent samples, and for the association between the qualitative data, the Chi-Square test was used. Results: ZN and ZP participants were aged 28.7 ± 4.77 years) and (32.42 ± 6.03 years) respectively (p = 0.03). A higher percentage of AAS use was observed in ZN (80%) when compared to ZP (45%) (p = 0.08). The most commonly used AAS were Durateston® (84%), Winstrol® (80%) and Deca Durabolin (44%). In both groups, the main factor for the use of steroids was aesthetics (p <0.05). As for medical follow-up during the use of AAS, there was no association between the groups, ie, regardless of social class, the demand was the same (p <0.05). Regarding medical follow-up for disease prevention, 100% of the participants in both groups did not do this type of procedure. Conclusion: Strength training practitioners with noble zone vigorexia use proportionally more anabolic steroids than those in the peripheral zone; There is a difference in the motivation of steroid use between the two groups; The most used steroids are Durateston®, stanazolol and Deca Durabolim®, with the main purpose related to esthetics.Introdução: O uso de esteroides anabólicos andrógenos (EAA) tem sido relatado como presente em diversas modalidades esportivas, associado ao uso deles está a ocorrência de distúrbios de autoimagem. A vigorexia é um desses distúrbios mais comumente verificados.  Objetivos: Relacionar a vigorexia com o uso de esteroides anabolizantes em praticantes de treinamento de força (TF) dentro de Centros de Treinamento Esportivo (CTE). Materiais e Métodos: pesquisa tipo transversal, quantitativa com abordagem descritiva, realizada no período de outubro de 2017 a junho de 2018 em dois CTE, localizada na zona periférica da cidade e na zona nobre.  Composta por 40 voluntários, 20 da zona periférica (ZP) e 20 da zona nobre (ZN), classificados como vigoréxicos, de acordo com o Questionário de Complexo de Adônis. Os voluntários também preencheram um questionário com perguntas relacionadas ao uso de esteroides anabolizantes. Para a comparação dos dados foi utilizado o teste T de Student para amostras independentes, já para associação entre os dados qualitativos foi utilizado o teste de Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Os participantes de ZN e ZP a tinham idade de (28,7 ± 4,77 anos) e (32,42 ± 6,03 anos) respectivamente (p=0,03). Foi verificado um maior percentual de uso de EAAs em ZN (80%), quando comparado com ZP (45%) (p=0,08). Os EAAs mais utilizados percentualmente foram, Durateston®(84%), Winstrol® (80%) e Deca Durabolin(44%). Em ambos grupos o fator principal para o uso de esteroides foi a estética (p<0,05). Já para o acompanhamento médico durante a utilização de EAAs não houve associação entre os grupos, ou seja, independente da classe social a procura foi a mesma (p<0,05). Sobre o acompanhamento médico para prevenção de doenças, 100% dos participantes de ambos grupos não faziam este tipo de procedimento. Conclusão: Praticantes de treinamento de força com vigorexia da zona nobre utilizam proporcionalmente mais esteroides anabolizantes do que os da zona periférica; existe diferença distribuição na motivação do uso de esteroides entre os dois grupos; Os esteroides mais utilizados são Durateston®, stanazolol e Deca Durabolim®, com a finalidade principal relacionada a estética

Invasive Species in the Amazon

One of the main reasons for environmental disturbances such as declination in pasture productivity and biodiversity losses is the high infestation of herbaceous weeds, generally referred to as “Juquira” in the Amazon region. If they are not adequately controlled, such infestation might lead to degradation of pasture, resulting in complete loss of productivity and subsequent abandonment of the area. In this sense, this chapter aims to describe the main invasive species present in the Amazon region, as well as to characterize both the old and innovative techniques of use in agriculture, in large and small scale, for the control of agricultural pests

Heart and systemic effects of statin pretreatment in a rat model of abdominal sepsis. Assessment by Tc99m-sestamibi biodistribition

PURPOSE: To evaluate the heart and the Tc-99m-sestamibi biodistribution after statin pretreatment in a rat model of abdominal sepsis. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=6 per group): 1) sepsis with simvastatin treatment, 2) sepsis with vehicle, 3) sham control with simvastatin and 4) sham control with vehicle. 24 hours after cecal ligation and puncture rats received 1.0MBq of Tc-99m-sestamibi i.v. 30min after, animals were euthanized for ex-vivo tissue counting and myocardium histological analysis. RESULTS: Myocardial histologic alterations were not detected 24 hours post-sepsis. There was significantly increased cardiac Tc-99m-sestamibi activity in the sepsis group with simvastatin treatment (1.9$\pm$0.3%ID/g, p<0.001) in comparison to the sepsis group+vehicle (1.0$\pm$0.2% ID/g), control sham group+ simvastatin (1.2$\pm$0.3% ID/g) and control sham group (1.3$\pm$0.2% ID/g). Significant Tc-99m-sestamibi activity in liver, kidney and lungs was also detected in the sepsis group treated with simvastatinin comparison to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Statin treatment altered the biodistribution of Tc-99m-sestamibi with increased cardiac and solid organ activity in rats with abdominal sepsis, while no impact on controls. Increased myocardial tracer activity may be a result of a possible protection effect due to increased tissue perfusion mediated by statins

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Development and analysis of the Soil Water Infiltration Global database

In this paper, we present and analyze a novel global database of soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG) database. In total, 5023 infiltration curves were collected across all continents in the SWIG database. These data were either provided and quality checked by the scientists who performed the experiments or they were digitized from published articles. Data from 54 different countries were included in the database with major contributions from Iran, China, and the USA. In addition to its extensive geographical coverage, the collected infiltration curves cover research from 1976 to late 2017. Basic information on measurement location and method, soil properties, and land use was gathered along with the infiltration data, making the database valuable for the development of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for estimating soil hydraulic properties, for the evaluation of infiltration measurement methods, and for developing and validating infiltration models. Soil textural information (clay, silt, and sand content) is available for 3842 out of 5023 infiltration measurements ( ∼ 76%) covering nearly all soil USDA textural classes except for the sandy clay and silt classes. Information on land use is available for 76% of the experimental sites with agricultural land use as the dominant type ( ∼ 40%). We are convinced that the SWIG database will allow for a better parameterization of the infiltration process in land surface models and for testing infiltration models. All collected data and related soil characteristics are provided online in *.xlsx and *.csv formats for reference, and we add a disclaimer that the database is for public domain use only and can be copied freely by referencing it. Supplementary data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885492 (Rahmati et al., 2018). Data quality assessment is strongly advised prior to any use of this database. Finally, we would like to encourage scientists to extend and update the SWIG database by uploading new data to it

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Efeitos cardíacos e sistêmicos do pré-tratamento com estatina em modelo de sepse abdominal em ratos: avaliação através da biodistribuição do sestamibi-Tc99m

Estudo com o objetivo de avaliar se o tratamento prévio com sinvastatina tem efeito sobre a biodistribuição cardíaca e sistêmica do sestamibi-Tc99m, utilizando modelo experimental de sepse abdominal em ratos. Ratos wistar foram randomicamente divididos em 4 grupos (n=6 por grupo): 1) sepsis e tratamento prévio com sinvastatina, 2) sepsis e tratamento prévio com solução salina 0,9%, 3) controle e tratamento prévio com sinvastatina and 4) controle e tratamento prévio com solução salina 0,9%. 24 horas após lligadura e punção do ceco (LPC) cecal, os ratos receberam 1.0MBq de sestamibi-Tc-99m i.v. e após 30min, foram sacrificados para contagem tecidual ex-vivo e análise histológica do miocárdio. Após 24 horas da sepse, não foram detectados alterações histológicas no miocárdio. Houve aumento significativo da atividade cardíaca do sestamibi-Tc99m no grupo sepsis que recebeu tratamento prévio com sinvastatina (1.9±0.3%ID/g, P<0.001) quando comparado com o grupo sepsis + solução salina (1.0±0.2%ID/g), controle + sinvastatina (1.2±0.3%ID/g), controle + solução salina (1.3±0.2%ID/g). Aumento significativo da atividade hepática, renal e pulmonar do sestamibi-Tc99m também foi detectado no grupo sepsis tratado previamente com sinvastatina quando comparado com os outros grupos. Em conclusão, o tratamento com estatina alterou a biodistribuição do sestamibi-Tc99m, aumentando a atividade cardíaca e de órgãos sólidos em ratos com sepsis abdominal, sem impacto em controles. O aumento da atividade cardíaca do sestamibi-Tc99m pode ser resultado de provável efeito protetor secundário a aumento da perfusão tecidual mediada por estatinas. Mais experimentos confirmatórios serão necessários para entender o mecanismo terapêutico na sepse