Utilização do botox para a correção neuromuscular do sorriso gengival

Segundo Hulsey, “O sorriso é um dos meios mais eficazes pelos quais as pessoas transmitem as suas emoções ”. Quando durante o sorriso temos uma exposição gengival excessiva a nível da maxila denomina-se de sorriso gengival. A exposição exagerada da gengiva ao sorrir é um dos problemas que mais afetam negativamente a estética do sorriso. Na literatura existem diversas formas para o tratamento desta condição dependendo da sua etiologia. Após o desenvolvimento das variadas técnicas clínicas, as injeções de toxina botulínica apareceram na área da Medicina Dentária como uma alternativa eficaz, conservadora e simples para o tratamento do sorriso gengival. Este trabalho tem como objetivo justificar o uso da toxina para este aspeto menos estético que se torna um entrave na vida de muitos pacientes.According to Hulsey, "The Smile is one of the most effective means by which people convey their emotions." When smiling there is an excessive gingival exposure at the level of the maxilla, this is called gummy smile. The excessive gingival exposure when smiling is one of the problems that negatively affects the aesthetics of the smile. According to literature there are several ways to treat this condition depending on its etiology. After the development of the various clinical techniques, botulinum toxin injections appeared in the area of Dental Medicine as an effective, conservative and simple alternative for the treatment of the gummy smile. This work aims to justify the use of the toxin for this less aesthetic aspect that becomes an obstacle in the life of many patients

Characterization of swarm-colony development reveals the release of a distinct cell type facilitating dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Bacteria often experience changes in their external environment and have developed various strategies to respond accordingly. One mechanism to accommodate such changes involves the differentiation into specialized cell types suitable for the particular conditions. Vibrio parahaemolyticus exists as a swimmer cell, adapted for liquid conditions, and as a swarmer cell, specialized to grow on solid surfaces. Swarmer cells undergo a differentiation process that leads to elongation and production of multiple lateral flagella along the cell body, which are essential for swarming behavior. According to the position within a swarm colony, V. parahaemolyticus cells display different sizes. Particularly, long swarmer cells are only found in the periphery of the colony while the center consists of much shorter cells. Nonetheless, how the architecture develops over time or in response to environmental fluctuations is unknown. As V. parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium and the leading agent of seafood borne gastroenteritis, the worldwide distribution of V. parahaemolyticus accentuates the need for understanding the factors contributing to its dissemination. In this study, by characterizing the swarm-colony architecture and development we revealed that a new distinct cell type is released from the swarm colony into the environment. Through mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy analysis we show that released cells comprise of a cell type that is morphologically short and distinct from cells belonging to the center and periphery of the swarm colony. Surprisingly, the cell length distribution of released cells was very homogenous and almost no long cells were detected. Thus, suggesting that long swarmer cells are not released into the liquid environment but stay surface-attached during flooding. We also revealed that released cells are capable of spreading in the liquid environment and attach to new submerged surfaces. Moreover, our data shows that released cells are optimized for swimming behavior and can chemotax towards the chitin component, N-acetylglucosamine. By using fluorescence microscopy and stereomicroscopy, we determine the temporal development of swarm colonies and show how the swarm colony architecture fluctuates with changing environmental conditions. Importantly, we show that swarm colonies act as a continuous source of cells that are released from the swarm colony into the environment. Overall, these results indicate that release of a distinct cell type from swarm colonies facilitates the dissemination of V. parahaemolyticus in the environment, likely influencing the ecology of this marine bacterium. Additionally, our research revealed the degree to which the V. parahaemolyticus proteome changes according to its distinct environmental circumstances. Particularly, we define which proteins are present specifically in the swarm flares, in the center of the swarm colony and in a planktonic condition. By performing single deletions we identified potential regulators of swarming differentiation. At last, we define which proteins are constitutively expressed in this bacterium. Altogether, this work reveals how flexible the proteome of V. parahaemolyticus is according to different ecological niches and reports on the development of swarm colony populations and how the formation and release of a distinct cell type from swarm colonies facilitates the dissemination of an important human pathogen in the environment – thus, influencing the ecology of this marine bacterium

PID control of depth of hypnosis in anesthesia for propofol and remifentanil coadministration

Tese de mestrado, Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiênciasThe purpose of general anesthesia is to deeply sedate a person so that they lose consciousness, sensitivity, and body reflexes, and so that surgeries can be safely performed without the patient feeling pain or discomfort during the procedure. General anesthesia is a combination of the effect of three components, namely hypnosis, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade. Each component is regulated through the action of a specific drug, or through the combined effect of two or more drugs. In recent years there have been many advances in the field of automatic control systems for drug delivery during anesthesia, which can be implemented using a wide variety of controllers and process variables. The reason behind these advances is that an automatic control system can provide several benefits, such as a reduction in the anesthesiologist's workload, a reduction in the amount of medication used (which implies a faster and better recovery time for the patient in the postoperative phase), and, in fact, a more robust performance with fewer episodes of over- or under-dosing of the drug. A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) continuously calculates the error value that is the difference between the desired value and the measured process variable and applies a correction that is based on proportional, integral and derivative terms. In this dissertation, a specific PID control system for propofol and remifentanil is proposed to regulate the hypnosis component during anesthesia using the bispectral index (BIS) as the process variable. Infusion rates of both drugs are also controlled. The adjustment of the PID parameters, so that the BIS was closer to what was expected, was done using a genetic algorithm. The implementation of the control system was done in Simulink in order to simulate a surgery. The simulation scheme includes the patient models for both drugs, a disturbance profile, and two different PID controllers for the two phases of anesthesia - induction and maintenance. Aspects such as noise in the BIS signal and artifacts were taken into account in the system and a suitable noise filter was applied in the control algorithm. In addition, a ratio between the infusion rates of propofol and remifentanil has been introduced to allow the anesthesiologist to choose the appropriate opioid-hypnotic balance In the end, a performance analysis of the control system was made based on seven performance indices (namely the integrated absolute error, the settling time, the median performance error, the median absolute performance error, the wobble, and the above and below recommended BIS values). Although there are many types of control systems for the automatic control of hypnosis depth described in the literature, these are not usually used in clinical practice. Therefore, it is important to continue research to produce robust and user-friendly systems that integrate clinicians' clinical knowledge and meet their actual needs

The changing market of financial services : the role of fintechs and the consumers' new expectations

Mestrado Bolonha em ManagementO mercado dos serviços financeiros tem sofrido inúmeras mudanças resultantes da transformação digital, com destaque para as novas expetativas dos consumidores e para o aparecimento de novos concorrentes especializados em tecnologias inovadoras, chamados fintechs – fatores que têm vindo a afetar a competitividade dos bancos tradicionais pela sua falta de capacidade de resposta. Desta forma, o objetivo da presente investigação passa por identificar quais as novas expetativas e necessidades dos consumidores, de que forma as fintechs estão a transformar o setor dos serviços financeiros, e da mesma maneira perceber a estagnação dos bancos em termos de inovação. Este relatório é realizado no âmbito de um estágio no BNP Paribas Personal Finance, uma sucursal em Portugal do Grupo BNP Paribas, que se especializa em oferecer soluções de crédito a todos os seus clientes. O estágio inserido na equipa de oferta da área de marketing, teve como principal objetivo a gestão da oferta de produtos B2C consoante as necessidades do mercado e dos consumidores. A investigação apresenta um caráter descritivo-explanatório, baseando-se num estudo quantitativo mono-método com recurso a uma técnica de amostragem não probabilística. O questionário online obteve um total de 207 respostas válidas e os dados foram analisados com base no relatório estatístico do Qualtrics. Os resultados demonstraram que a transformação digital resultou em novas expetativas dos consumidores (canais digitais, disponibilidade e rapidez) e que essas mesmas expetativas estão a ser mais satisfeitas pelas fintechs do que pelos bancos. Também foi possível concluir que as fintechs estão a transformar o mercado dos serviços financeiros através de estratégias com foco no consumidor e de serviços inovadores com tecnologias associadas, aspetos em que os bancos também ficaram aquém. A nível académico a presente investigação contribui para aumentar a existente literatura sobre o tema, apresentando algumas implicações que surgem como possíveis investigações futuras. A nível empresarial os resultados permitem aos gestores do BNPP PF delinear as melhores estratégias que vão ao encontro das necessidades atuais do mercado e dos consumidores, colmatando as ações dos concorrentes digitais e fintechs, permitindo ganhar vantagem competitiva no mercado e manter-se inovador e relevante.The financial services market has undergone numerous changes resulting from the digital transformation, with emphasis on the consumers’ new expectations and the emergence of new competitors specialized in innovative technologies, so-called fintechs – factors that have been affecting the competitiveness of traditional banks due to their lack of response. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to identify the new expectations and needs of consumers, how fintechs are disrupting the financial services sector, and in the same way to understand the banks’ stagnation in terms of innovation. This report is carried out as part of an internship at BNP Paribas Personal Finance, a subsidiary in Portugal of the BNP Paribas Group, which specializes in offering credit solutions to all its customers. The internship, as part of the offer team in the marketing area, had as its main objective the management of the B2C product offer according to the needs of the market and consumers. The investigation presents a descriptive-explanatory character, based on a mono-method quantitative study using a non-probabilistic sampling technique. The online questionnaire obtained a total of 207 valid responses and the data were analyzed based on the Qualtrics statistical report. The results showed that the digital transformation resulted in new consumer expectations (digital channels, availability, and speed) and that these same expectations are being more satisfied by fintechs than by banks. It was also possible to conclude that fintechs are disrupting the financial services market through consumer-focused strategies and innovative services with associated technologies, aspects in which banks also fell short. At an academic level, the present investigation contributes to increasing the existing literature on the subject, presenting some implications that arise as possible future investigations. At a business level, the results allow BNPP PF managers to outline the best strategies that meet the current needs of the market and consumers, overcoming the actions of digital competitors and fintechs, allowing them to gain a competitive advantage in the market and remain innovative and relevant.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Twenty-six years of HIV science: an overview of anti-HIV drugs metabolism

From the identification of HIV as the agent causing AIDS, to the development of effective antiretroviral drugs, the scientific achievements in HIV research over the past twenty-six years have been formidable. Currently, there are twenty-five anti-HIV compounds which have been formally approved for clinical use in the treatment of AIDS. These compounds fall into six categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), cell entry inhibitors or fusion inhibitors (FIs), co-receptor inhibitors (CRIs), and integrase inhibitors (INIs). Metabolism by the host organism is one of the most important determinants of the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug. Formation of active or toxic metabolites will also have an impact on the pharmacological and toxicological outcomes. Therefore, it is widely recognized that metabolism studies of a new chemical entity need to be addressed early in the drug discovery process. This paper describes an overview of the metabolism of currently available anti-HIV drugs.Da identificação do HIV como o agente causador da AIDS, ao desenvolvimento de fármacos antirretrovirais eficazes, os avanços científicos na pesquisa sobre o HIV nos últimos vinte e seis anos foram marcantes. Atualmente, existem vinte e cinco fármacos anti-HIV formalmente aprovados pelo FDA para utilização clínica no tratamento da AIDS. Estes compostos são divididos em seis classes: inibidores nucleosídeos de transcriptase reversa (INTR), inibidores nucleotídeos de transcriptase reversa (INtTR), inibidores não-nucleosídeos de transcriptase reversa (INNTR), inibidores de protease (IP), inibidores da entrada celular ou inibidores de fusão (IF), inibidores de co-receptores (ICR) e inibidores de integrase (INI). O metabolismo consiste em um dos maiores determinantes do perfil farmacocinético de um fármaco. A formação de metabólitos ativos ou tóxicos terá impacto nas respostas farmacológicas ou toxicológicas do fármaco. Portanto, é amplamente reconhecido que estudos do metabolismo de uma nova entidade química devem ser realizados durante as fases iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento de fármacos. Este artigo descreve uma abordagem do metabolismo dos fármacos anti-HIV atualmente disponíveis na terapêutica

Species boundary and extensive hybridization and introgression in Petunia

Studying the role of hybridization in the speciation of plants is one of the most thrilling areas of evolutionary biology. Hybridization in natural populations can act in opposition to divergence, contribute to adaptation through introgression or foster the emergence of new lineages via hybrid speciation. Species of the plant genus Petunia grow in open areas in southern South America. Some natural interspecific hybrid events have been described for the genus, such as between the endemic P. exserta and the widespread P. axillaris. Both species occur in sympatry in Serra do Sudeste (Brazil), where they occur in diverse habitats and exhibit floral divergence, which has been related to the attraction of different primary pollinators. The present study evaluates the maintenance of the species boundaries front of hybridization and introgression. Direct and indirect methods of estimating gene exchange employed genotyping 720 reproductive plants and 611 progenies of both species with eight microsatellite loci. Gene exchange was found to be frequent and bidirectional between the species, indicating that introgression changes their genetic constitution in areas of sympatry. Limits of the studied species are being maintained because of the high level of inbreeding and backcrosses that are habitat-dependent

Síndrome de Burnout: uma avaliação com policiais civis de um município da Região Médio Paraíba

This paper seeks to identify the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome in civilian police officers, based on a descriptive-quantitative study conducted with 28 professionals from a police station in the Medium Paraíba Region. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used for data collection with socio-demographic and professional data questions. The cutoff points of the MBI developed by the Study and Research Group on Stress and Burnout Syndrome (GEPEB) were used as reference for correction. There was a predominance of male police officers, married and with children, graduated at a higher level, occupying the position of police inspector. The presence of the syndrome was found in 50% of the professionals researched and high level in the dimensions of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Low Professional Achievement. It was concluded that there is a need to look at mental health, with care strategies aimed at ensuring the physical and emotional integrity of police officers.Este artículo busca identificar la ocurrencia del Síndrome de Burnout en policías civiles, a partir de un estudio descriptivo-cuantitativo, realizado con 28 profesionales de una comisaría de policía de la Región Media de Paraíba. En la recolección de datos se utilizó el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) con cuestiones de datos sociodemográficos y profesionales. Como referencia para la corrección se utilizaron los puntos de corte del MBI desarrollados por el Grupo de Estudio e Investigación sobre el Estrés y Síndrome de Burnout (GEPEB). Predominó el sexo masculino, casados y con hijos, diplomados en la enseñanza superior, ocupando el cargo de inspector de policía. La presencia del Síndrome se encontró en el 50% de los profesionales investigados y alto nivel en las dimensiones de Agotamiento Emocional, Despersonalización y Bajo Rendimiento Profesional. Se concluye la necesidad de una mirada hacia la salud mental, con estrategias de atención que tengan como objetivo garantizar la integridad física y emocional de los policías.O presente artigo busca identificar a ocorrência da Síndrome de Burnout em policiais civis, a partir de um estudo descritivo-quantitativo, realizado com 28 profissionais de uma delegacia de polícia da Região Médio Paraíba. Na coleta de dados, foi utilizado o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) com questões de dados sociodemográficos e profissionais. Como referência para correção foi utilizado os pontos de corte do MBI desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Sobre Estresse e Síndrome de Burnout (GEPEB). Houve predominância de policiais do sexo masculino, casados e com filhos, com graduação em nível superior, ocupantes do cargo de inspetor de polícia. Constatou-se o indicativo de presença da Síndrome em 50% dos profissionais pesquisados e alto nível nas dimensões de Exaustão Emocional, Despersonalização e Baixa Realização Profissional. Conclui-se a necessidade de um olhar no que tange a saúde mental, com estratégias de cuidado que visem garantir a integridade física e emocional dos policiais

Extrativismo vegetal como estratégia para o desenvolvimento socioconômico no norte da Chapada dos Veadeiros

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Planaltina, 2018.O extrativismo vegetal no norte da Chapada dos Veadeiros está diretamente relacionado com o surgimento das primeiras comunidades que se estabeleceram no território. O extrativismo vegetal neste território representa a preservação histórica, cultural e social dos Povos do Cerrado, além de resguardar o bioma que, a cada ano que passa, está cada vez mais ameaçado pelo avanço da fronteira agrícola na região. Como consequência da Revolução Industrial, aos poucos as práticas extrativistas foram dando espaço para a agricultura, tornando o extrativismo, na maioria dos casos, apenas uma atividade para fins de consumo próprio das famílias. Pensando em uma forma de contribuir para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos municípios do norte da Chapada dos Veadeiros, este trabalho tem o propósito de levantar a atual situação socioeconômica dos municípios de Alto Paraíso, Teresina de Goiás e Cavalcante, com o objetivo de sugerir o extrativismo vegetal como atividade alternativa para o Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico dos municípios do norte da Chapada.The extractivism in Northern Chapada dos Veadeiros is directly related to the emergence of the first communities that settled in the territory. The vegetable harvesting in this territory represents the historical, cultural and social preservation of peoples of the Cerrado, in addition to safeguardthe biome that, every year, is increasingly threatened by the advance of the agricultural frontier in the region.As a result of the Industrial Revolution extractive practices were gradually giving placeto agriculture, making extractivism, in most cases, only one activity for the household consumption. Thinking of a way to contribute to the socioeconomic development of the municipalities in the Northern region of the Chapada dos Veadeiros, this work has the purpose to find out the current socio-economic situation of the municipalities of Alto Paraíso, Teresina de Goiás and Cavalcante, aiming to suggest extractivism as an alternative activity to the socio-economic development of the municipalities of Northern Chapada