Implementing Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Fair Tourism in Korea

Sustainable tourism has been widely embraced as an important set of beliefs for the sustainable development of tourism (Berry & Ladkin, 1997). Industry and customers, however, seem to have paid less attention and been less outspoken, while academia and government have shown significant interest (Murphy & Price, 2005). Thus, this thesis deals with Fair Tourism, which is a good example of implementing tourism practices sustainably. Fair Tourism is one realm of sustainable development, and it was developed in South Korea (Lee et al. 2015; Park 2010; Jang et al 2010). The purpose of the study is to organize the concept of Fair Tourism and the current status of Fair Tourism as follows: 1) Define the concept of Fair Tourism. 2) How Fair Tour operators in Korea implement sustainability in their businesses. 3) Examine how they manage their sustainable supply chain based on the SCOR model

A systematic literature review on the responsible travel behavior of tourists in destination tourism

Responsible travel can be referenced in a variety of ways in academic literature due to similar terms and synonyms. Responsible travel does not have a formal definition although, it is being researched in a wide range of contexts. This study is a systematic literature review on the responsible travel behavior of tourisms in destination tourism. This study aims to identify what literature exists currently that investigates or aims to promote responsible travel behavior of tourists at a destination. This study is also interested in identifying if there is any literature that measures the responsible travel behavior of tourists. This will specifically address whether scales, measurements, tests, assessments, or instruments have been developed to measure responsible travel behavior. This study will be one of the first studies to consolidate the vast information regarding responsible travel, while recognizing that responsible travel can be referenced in a variety of ways. This study may also identify current gaps in responsible travel research and identify whether there is a lack of instruments to measure responsible travel behavior while traveling to a destination

Drive Tourists’ Lodging Demand Determinants for Highway Hotels and Motels in U.S.

The current research explores drive tourists’ lodging demand determinants and effects of external environment (e.g. fuel price and seasonality) on tourism. The authors assumed economic, socio-demographic and trip-related variables influence highway hotels and motels visitors’ lodging demand. Though 2SLS model, the effects were statistically tested, resulting in the identification of the drive tourism market’s characteristics and lodging demand determinants in highway hotel and motel industry. On the contrary to OLS estimation, 2SLS model showed good performance to deal with endogeneity problem and accurate results. The model verified economic variable’s effects on lodging demand. According to the descriptive analysis, typical profile of drive tourists take approximately 400 miles round trip and stay two nights at the hotel. It was revealed that gas price was highly influenced by seasonality. Gas price has played as instrument variable to reflect seasonal effect and travel cost. It was showed that fuel price/travel cost and income are most influential determinants for lodging demand in highway hotel and motel industry

Moderate Effects of Brand Awareness on eWOM Intention: Perspectives in Community-based Festival Tourism

This study aim to understand how tourists’ festival experience influence destination/place brand equity building as well as moderate effect of brand awareness on eWOM intention. A web-based survey is prepared and is supposed to be performed in order to explore how tourists response eWOM dissemination. Based on customer-based brand equity (CBBE), moderate effect of brand awareness on eWOM intention is examined through second order structural equation modeling. Expected results provide insightful information about the importance of brand awareness in consumers\u27 brand knowledge transaction and marketing performance. Expected results will clarify festival tourists’ psychological characteristics in destination branding setting

Skeletal Diversification via Heteroatom Linkage Control: Preparation of Bicyclic and Spirocyclic Scaffolds from NSubstituted Homopropargyl Alcohols

The discovery and application of a new branching pathway synthesis strategy that rapidly produces skeletally diverse scaffolds is described. Two different scaffold types, one a bicyclic iodo-vinylidene tertiary amine/tertiary alcohol and the other, a spirocyclic 3-furanone, are each obtained using a two-step sequence featuring a common first step. Both scaffold types lead to intermediates that can be orthogonally diversified using the same final components. One of the scaffold types was obtained in sufficiently high yield that it was immediately used to produce a 97-compound library

Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests: Making transparent how design choices shape research results

To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer fiveoriginal research questions related to moral judgments, negotiations, and implicit cognition. Participants from two separate large samples (total N > 15,000) were then randomly assigned to complete one version of each study. Effect sizes varied dramatically across different sets of materials designed to test the same hypothesis: materials from different teams renderedstatistically significant effects in opposite directions for four out of five hypotheses, with the narrowest range in estimates being d = -0.37 to +0.26. Meta-analysis and a Bayesian perspective on the results revealed overall support for two hypotheses, and a lack of support for three hypotheses. Overall, practically none of the variability in effect sizes was attributable to the skill of the research team in designing materials, while considerable variability was attributable to the hypothesis being tested. In a forecasting survey, predictions of other scientists were significantly correlated with study results, both across and within hypotheses. Crowdsourced testing of research hypotheses helps reveal the true consistency of empirical support for a scientific claim.</div

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Bi-allelic Loss-of-Function CACNA1B Mutations in Progressive Epilepsy-Dyskinesia.

The occurrence of non-epileptic hyperkinetic movements in the context of developmental epileptic encephalopathies is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. Identification of causative mutations provides an important insight into common pathogenic mechanisms that cause both seizures and abnormal motor control. We report bi-allelic loss-of-function CACNA1B variants in six children from three unrelated families whose affected members present with a complex and progressive neurological syndrome. All affected individuals presented with epileptic encephalopathy, severe neurodevelopmental delay (often with regression), and a hyperkinetic movement disorder. Additional neurological features included postnatal microcephaly and hypotonia. Five children died in childhood or adolescence (mean age of death: 9 years), mainly as a result of secondary respiratory complications. CACNA1B encodes the pore-forming subunit of the pre-synaptic neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2/N-type, crucial for SNARE-mediated neurotransmission, particularly in the early postnatal period. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in CACNA1B are predicted to cause disruption of Ca2+ influx, leading to impaired synaptic neurotransmission. The resultant effect on neuronal function is likely to be important in the development of involuntary movements and epilepsy. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the key role of Cav2.2 in normal human neurodevelopment.MAK is funded by an NIHR Research Professorship and receives funding from the Wellcome Trust, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital Charity, and Rosetrees Trust. E.M. received funding from the Rosetrees Trust (CD-A53) and Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. K.G. received funding from Temple Street Foundation. A.M. is funded by Great Ormond Street Hospital, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), and Biomedical Research Centre. F.L.R. and D.G. are funded by Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. K.C. and A.S.J. are funded by NIHR Bioresource for Rare Diseases. The DDD Study presents independent research commissioned by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund (grant number HICF-1009-003), a parallel funding partnership between the Wellcome Trust and the Department of Health, and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (grant number WT098051). We acknowledge support from the UK Department of Health via the NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London. This research was also supported by the NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre. J.H.C. is in receipt of an NIHR Senior Investigator Award. The research team acknowledges the support of the NIHR through the Comprehensive Clinical Research Network. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, Department of Health, or Wellcome Trust. E.R.M. acknowledges support from NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, an NIHR Senior Investigator Award, and the University of Cambridge has received salary support in respect of E.R.M. from the NHS in the East of England through the Clinical Academic Reserve. I.E.S. is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Program Grant and Practitioner Fellowship)

A Qualitative Study of Corporate Social Responsibility in Destination Context

This study make an attempt to answer the question “what is the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the destination sector? by means of interviewing employees in mid-west areas of the United States with a review of relevant archive. Contributions can be the effectiveness and efficient of CSR on the operation and management of Convention and Tourism Bureau (CVB) in mid-west area of the U.S

Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Recruiting in the Tourism Industry

A large number of organizations practice Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) even though debates about its definitions, implementation, measurement, and outcomes persist as of this writing. The primary purpose of this paper is to (a) Examine whether recruiters from tourism and hospitality organizations that already have existing CSR programs or goals are more attracted towards individuals who are involved in socially responsible activities, (b) Identify recruiter’s perceptions of their own company’s CSR programs, and (c) Examine how recruiters evaluate student’s social responsibility as a selection factor. The researcher proposes the use of semi-structured interviews to ensure that the information obtained is consistent and easy to compare. In comparison to other industries, the tourism industry has a relatively high rate of turnover; exceeding 100% in some segments such as hospitality. Thus, there is almost always a need to recruit new employees and it is important to understand whether the industry is interested in recruiting individuals that show involvement in CSR activities