Contextually aware suggestions for online information resources

Novice users often find it challenging to realize the full potential of available information resources. One approach to help such users is to present them with a categorized directory of ranked recommendations for useful information resources, such as apps or websites. However, such a directory may not help discover new resources that can be particularly relevant at specific times based on the user’s current location. This disclosure describes techniques to provide a personalized catalog of suggestions for information resources relevant to a user’s current context, which is obtained with user permission. A personalized catalog of contextual suggestions can help novices broaden their awareness and understanding of available online resources and expose them to a range of tasks that can be accomplished online. In addition to standalone operation, the catalog functionality can be embedded in various commonly used systems and can serve as a mechanism for entities to provide relevant information to individuals in their vicinity

Personalized catalog of categorized online information resources

Novice users often find it challenging to realize the full potential of available information resources. One approach to help overcome these challenges is to present users with a categorized directory of ranked recommendations for useful information resources, such as apps or websites. However, a single directory and categorization is unlikely to be equally relevant and useful for all users. This disclosure describes techniques to provide a continuously updated catalog of categorized information resources personalized to the user’s needs, expertise, and context. The techniques are implemented with user permission. For each resource within the catalog, the user is presented with associated useful information. The resources are presented within a common interface, thus making it unnecessary for the user to be aware of distinctions between different types of resources

Are You Sure? Confidence about the Satiating Capacity of a Food Affects Subsequent Food Intake

Expectations about a food’s satiating capacity predict self-selected portion size, food intake and food choice. However, two individuals might have a similar expectation, but one might be extremely confident while the other might be guessing. It is unclear whether confidence about an expectation affects adjustments in energy intake at a subsequent meal. In a randomized cross-over design, 24 subjects participated in three separate breakfast sessions, and were served a low-energy-dense preload (53 kcal/100 g), a high-energy-dense preload (94 kcal/100 g), or no preload. Subjects received ambiguous information about the preload’s satiating capacity and rated how confident they were about their expected satiation before consuming the preload in its entirety. They were served an ad libitum test meal 30 min later. Confidence ratings were negatively associated with energy compensation after consuming the high-energy-dense preload (r = −0.61; p = 0.001). The same relationship was evident after consuming the low-energy-dense preload, but only after controlling for dietary restraint, hunger prior to, and liking of the test meal (p = 0.03). Our results suggest that confidence modifies short-term controls of food intake by affecting energy compensation. These results merit consideration because imprecise caloric compensation has been identified as a potential risk factor for a positive energy balance and weight gain

The Distance to the Massive Eclipsing Binary LMC-SC1-105 in the Large Magellanic Cloud

This paper presents the first distance measurement to the massive, semi-detached, eclipsing binary LMC-SC1-105, located in the LH 81 association of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Previously determined parameters of the system are combined with new near-infrared photometry and a new temperature analysis to constrain the reddening toward the system, and determine a distance of 50.6+/-1.6 kpc (corresponding to a distance modulus of 18.52+/-0.07 mag), in agreement with previous eclipsing binary measurements. This is the sixth distance measurement to an eclipsing binary in the LMC, although the first to an O-type system. We thus demonstrate the suitability of O-type eclipsing binaries (EBs) as distance indicators. We suggest using bright, early-type EBs to measure distances along different sight lines, as an independent way to map the depth of the LMC and resolve the controversy about its three-dimensional structure.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, emulateapj format, matches accepted ApJL version (v2: very minor changes

Independent or Simultaneous Lowering of Core and Skin Temperature Has no Impact on Self‑paced Intermittent Running Performance in Hot Conditions

Purpose To investigate the effects of lowering core (Tgi) and mean skin temperature (Tsk) concomitantly and independently on self-paced intermittent running in the heat. Methods 10 males (30.5 ± 5.8 years, 73.2 ± 14.5 kg, 176.9 ± 8.0 cm, 56.2 ± 6.6 ml/kg/min) completed four randomised 46-min self-paced intermittent protocols on a non-motorised treadmill in 34.4 ± 1.4 °C, 36.3 ± 4.6% relative humidity. 30-min prior to exercise, participants were cooled via either ice slurry ingestion (INT); a cooling garment (EXT); mixed-cooling (ice slurry and cooling garment concurrently) (MIX); or no-cooling (CON). Results At the end of pre-cooling and the start of exercise Tgi were lower during MIX (36.11 ± 1.3 °C) compared to CON (37.6 ± 0.5 °C) and EXT (36.9 ± 0.5 °C, p 0.05). Peak sprint speeds were also similar between conditions (CON: 25.6 ± 4.48 km/h, INT: 25.4 ± 3.6 km/h, EXT: 26.0 ± 4.94 km/h, MIX: 25.6 ± 3.58 km/h) (p > 0.05). Blood lactate, heart rate and RPE were similar between conditions (p > 0.05). Conclusion Lowering Tgi and Tsk prior to self-paced intermittent exercise did not improve sprint, or submaximal running performance

Hydrodynamic simulations of merging clusters of galaxies

We present the results of high-resolution AP3M+SPH simulations of merging clusters of galaxies. We find that the compression and shocking of the core gas during a merger can lead to large increases in bolometric X-ray luminosities and emission-weighted temperatures of clusters. Cooling flows are completely disrupted during equal-mass mergers, with the mass deposition rate dropping to zero as the cores of the clusters collide. The large increase in the cooling time of the core gas strongly suggests that cooling flows will not recover from such a merger within a Hubble time. Mergers with subclumps having one eighth of the mass of the main cluster are also found to disrupt a cooling flow if the merger is head-on. However, in this case the entropy injected into the core gas is rapidly radiated away and the cooling flow restarts within a few Gyr of the merger. Mergers in which the subcluster has an impact parameter of 500 kpc do not disrupt the cooling flow, although the mass deposition rate is reduced by ∼30 per cent. Finally, we find that equal mass, off-centre mergers can effectively mix gas in the cores of clusters, while head on mergers lead to very little mixing. Gas stripped from the outer layers of subclumps results in parts of the outer layers of the main cluster being well mixed, although they have little effect on the gas in the core of the cluster. None of the mergers examined here resulted in the intracluster medium being well mixed globally

Bravehearts and Bonny Mountainsides: Nation and History in Scottish Folk/Black Metal

Music, art, culture and leisure are elements or tools of political nationalism, of hegemonic control and of counter-hegemonic resistance. In the Scottish independence referendum, pop and rock musicians came out on either side, lending their voice, their celebrity and their music to save the United Kingdom or to support a new nation. In this paper, Scottish nationalism and Scottish identity is explored through two folk/black metal bands that have emerged on the extreme metal scene from Scotland: Saor and Cnoc An Tursa. I use an on-line semiotic analysis over a three-year period including the period of the referendum, along with an analysis of their lyrics and imagery, to show how each band has used Scottishness and responded to Scottish nationalism – and how fans have constructed Scottishness in their critical appreciation of the band’s songs and other identity-work. I argue that some progressive ideology exists, but it is situated within wider ideologies in metal, and wider assumptions about Scotland

A methodology for the capture and analysis of hybrid data: a case study of program debugging

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The early evolution of the star cluster mass function

Several recent studies have shown that the star cluster initial mass function (CIMF) can be well approximated by a power law, with indications for a steepening or truncation at high masses. This contribution considers the evolution of such a mass function due to cluster disruption, with emphasis on the part of the mass function that is observable in the first ~Gyr. A Schechter type function is used for the CIMF, with a power law index of -2 at low masses and an exponential truncation at M*. Cluster disruption due to the tidal field of the host galaxy and encounters with giant molecular clouds flattens the low-mass end of the mass function, but there is always a part of the `evolved Schechter function' that can be approximated by a power law with index -2. The mass range for which this holds depends on age, t, and shifts to higher masses roughly as t^0.6. Mean cluster masses derived from luminosity limited samples increase with age very similarly due to the evolutionary fading of clusters. Empirical mass functions are, therefore, approximately power laws with index -2, or slightly steeper, at all ages. The results are illustrated by an application to the star cluster population of the interacting galaxy M51, which can be well described by a model with M*=(1.9+/-0.5)x10^5 M_sun and a short (mass-dependent) disruption time destroying M* clusters in roughly a Gyr.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted for MNRA