Pirimicarb: 2-dimethylamino-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl dimethyl­carbamate

In the title compound, C11H18N4O2 (systematic name: 2-dimethyl­amino-5,6-dimethyl­pyrimidin-4-yl N,N-dimethyl­carb­amate), the pyrimidine ring and dimethyl­amino group are almost in the same plane, making a dihedral angle of 1.6 (1)°. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the pyrimidine ring and that of the dimethyl­carbamate group is 83.42 (5)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the stabilization of the packing

Prediction of vascular invasion using a 7-point scale computed tomography grading system in adrenal tumors in dogs

Background: Previous studies evaluating the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in detecting caudal vena cava (CVC) invasion by adrenal tumors (AT) used a binary system and did not evaluate for other vessels. Objective: Test a 7-point scale CT grading system for accuracy in predicting vascular invasion and for repeatability among radiologists. Build a decision tree based on CT criteria to predict tumor type. Methods: Retrospective observational cross-sectional case study. Abdominal CT studies were analyzed by 3 radiologists using a 7-point CT grading scale for vascular invasion and by 1 radiologist for CT features of AT. Animals: Dogs with AT that underwent adrenalectomy and had pre- and postcontrast CT. Results: Ninety-one dogs; 45 adrenocortical carcinomas (50%), 36 pheochromocytomas (40%), 9 adrenocortical adenomas (10%) and 1 unknown tumor. Carcinoma and pheochromocytoma differed in pre- and postcontrast attenuation, contralateral adrenal size, tumor thrombus short- and long-axis, and tumor and thrombus mineralization. A decision tree was built based on these differences. Adenoma and malignant tumors differed in contour irregularity. Probability of vascular invasion was dependent on CT grading scale, and a large equivocal zone existed between 3 and 6 scores, lowering CT accuracy to detect vascular invasion. Radiologists' agreement for detecting abnormalities (evaluated by chance-corrected weighted kappa statistics) was excellent for CVC and good to moderate for other vessels. The quality of postcontrast CT study had a negative impact on radiologists' performance and agreement. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Features of CT may help radiologists predict AT type and provide probabilistic information on vascular invasion

Organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 1-naphthol derivatives and activated phenols with ethyl trifluoropyruvate

An organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of a series of substituted 1‐naphthol derivatives and activated phenols with ethyl trifluoropyruvate, catalyzed by a quinine‐derived squaramide, is presented. Good yields and high to excellent enantioselectivities of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation products were obtained

Immunotherapy with MVA-BN®-HER2 induces HER-2-specific Th1 immunity and alters the intratumoral balance of effector and regulatory T cells

MVA-BN®-HER2 is a new candidate immunotherapy designed for the treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that a single treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 exerts potent anti-tumor efficacy in a murine model of experimental pulmonary metastasis. This anti-tumor efficacy occurred despite a strong tumor-mediated immunosuppressive environment characterized by a high frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Immunogenicity studies showed that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 induced strongly Th1-dominated HER-2-specific antibody and T-cell responses. MVA-BN®-HER2-induced anti-tumor activity was characterized by an increased infiltration of lungs with highly activated, HER-2-specific, CD8+CD11c+ T cells accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of Treg cells in the lung, resulting in a significantly increased ratio of effector T cells to Treg cells. In contrast, administration of HER2 protein formulated in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced a strongly Th2-biased immune response to HER-2. However, this did not lead to significant infiltration of the tumor-bearing lungs by CD8+ T cells or the decrease in the frequency of Treg cells nor did it result in anti-tumor efficacy. In vivo depletion of CD8+ cells confirmed that CD8 T cells were required for the anti-tumor activity of MVA-BN®-HER2. Furthermore, depletion of CD4+ or CD25+ cells demonstrated that tumor-induced Treg cells promoted tumor growth and that CD4 effector cells also contribute to MVA-BN®-HER2-mediated anti-tumor efficacy. Taken together, our data demonstrate that treatment with MVA-BN®-HER2 controls tumor growth through mechanisms including the induction of Th1-biased HER-2-specific immune responses and the control of tumor-mediated immunosuppression

Meta-Analysis of Mass Balances Examining Chemical Fate during Wastewater Treatment

Mass balances are an instructive means for investigating the fate of chemicals during wastewater treatment. In addition to the aqueous-phase removal efficiency (Φ), they can inform on chemical partitioning, transformation, and persistence, as well as on the chemical loading to streams and soils receiving, respectively, treated effluent and digested sewage sludge (biosolids). Release rates computed on a per-capita basis can serve to extrapolate findings to a larger scale. This review examines over a dozen mass balances conducted for various organic wastewater contaminants, including prescription drugs, estrogens, fragrances, antimicrobials, and surfactants of differing sorption potential (hydrophobicity), here expressed as the 1-octanol−water partition coefficient (KOW) and the organic carbon normalized sorption coefficient (KOC). Major challenges to mass balances are the collection of representative samples and accurate quantification of chemicals in sludge. A meta-analysis of peer-reviewed data identified sorption potential as the principal determinant governing chemical persistence in biosolids. Occurrence data for organic wastewater compounds detected in digested sludge followed a simple nonlinear model that required only KOW or KOC as the input and yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9 in both instances. The model predicted persistence in biosolids for the majority (>50%) of the input load of organic wastewater compounds featuring a log10KOW value of greater than 5.2 (log10KOC > 4.4). In contrast, hydrophobicity had no or only limited value for estimating, respectively, Φ and the overall persistence of a chemical during conventional wastewater treatment

Proposta di traduzione del manga Shirokuma café

Il manga è sempre più diffuso presso il grande pubblico in Italia e in tutto il mondo occidentale e, tuttavia, in traduttologia esso è stato trattato solo marginalmente. Questo elaborato si prefigge come obbiettivo di proporre una traduzione dei primi cinque capitoli del manga Shirokuma Café e di produrre una breve riflessione sulla traduzione fumettistica in generale e su quella del manga in particolare. Nel primo capitolo si farà una breve introduzione al genere letterario del manga, alcuni cenni biografici sull’autrice e una breve esegesi del testo. Nel secondo capitolo si farà una digressione sulle particolarità della traduzione del fumetto e del manga. Nel terzo capitolo verranno esaminate nello specifico le peculiarità che la traduzione di questo genere ci mette di fronte, e si vedrà come esse sono state trattate durante la traduzione di Shirokuma Café. Saranno poi tratte le conclusioni e, in appendice, sarà allegata la proposta di traduzione attorno alla quale è stato progettato l’elaborato