Growth parameters of pepper seedlings at sowing on different substrates

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de diferentes substratos nos parâmetros de crescimento de plântulas de pimentão. Substratos estes oriundos de resíduo de pós-cultivo de cogumelo comestível, tais como: Agaricus sp. (Champignon) e Pleurotus sp. (Shimeji). As sementes de pimentão foram adquiridas da cultivar Dahra RX, do mesmo lote que foram semeadas em bandejas de 128 células previamente preenchidas com os substratos, avaliando as plantas aos 24 e 31 dias, provenientes do cultivo em diferentes substratos (T1: 100% substrato comercial; T2: 100% Pleurotus sp.; T3: 75% Pleurotus sp.+ 25% de solo; T4: 50% Pleurotus sp.+ 50% de solo; T5: 100% Agaricus sp.; T6: 75% de Agaricus sp.+ 25% de solo; T7: 50% de Agaricus sp. + 50 % de solo e T8: 100% de solo). Foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento como: área foliar; taxa de crescimento relativo; taxa de crescimento absoluto; taxa de crescimento relativo foliar; taxa de crescimento absoluto foliar; taxa de assimilação líquida; razão área foliar; taxa de crescimento da cultura e índice de área foliar. Conclui-se que a associação do substrato com a presença do cogumelo Agaricus sp. promoveu o maior desenvolvimento na cultura do pimentão em bandeja, em relação ao substrato comercial utilizado. Os parâmetros de crescimento área foliar; taxa de crescimento absoluto; taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto foliar; taxa de crescimento da cultura e índice de área foliar, variaram de acordo com os substratos analisados, relacionado com o crescimento das mudas segundo as respostas fisiológicas as condições de cultivo.This study aimed to evaluate the use of different substrates on the parameters of growth of pepper seedling. Spent mushroom substrate- SMS- derived from Agaricus sp. (Champignon) and Pleurotus sp. (Shimeji). It were bought pepper seeds of Dahra RX cultivar of the same lot. Seeds were sown in trays prefilled with substrates and with 128 cells, evaluating the seedling at 24 and 31 days from sowing on different substrates (T1: 100 % commercial substrate, T2: 100% Pleurotus sp.; T3: 75% Pleurotus sp. + 25% soil, T4: 50% Pleurotus sp. + 50% soil, T5: 100% Agaricus sp.; T6: 75% Agaricus sp. + 25% soil, T7: 50% Agaricus sp. + 50% soil and, T8: 100% soil). The growth parameters such as leaf area; relative growth rate; absolute growth rate; leaf relative growth rate; leaf absolute growth rate; liquid assimilation rate; leaf area ratio; the growth rate of the culture, and leaf area index were evaluated. We conclude that the substrate combined with the SMS derived from Agaricus sp. promoted greatest development in pepper seedlings in the tray when compared with commercial substrate. The growth parameters leaf area; absolute growth rate; relative growth rate and leaf growth absolute; the growth rate of the crop, and leaf area index varied according to the analyzed substrates being connected with the growth of seedlings under the physiological responses growing conditions.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Growth parameters of pepper seedlings at sowing on different substrates

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de diferentes substratos nos parâmetros de crescimento de plântulas de pimentão. Substratos estes oriundos de resíduo de pós-cultivo de cogumelo comestível, tais como: Agaricus sp. (Champignon) e Pleurotus sp. (Shimeji). As sementes de pimentão foram adquiridas da cultivar Dahra RX, do mesmo lote que foram semeadas em bandejas de 128 células previamente preenchidas com os substratos, avaliando as plantas aos 24 e 31 dias, provenientes do cultivo em diferentes substratos (T1: 100% substrato comercial; T2: 100% Pleurotus sp.; T3: 75% Pleurotus sp.+ 25% de solo; T4: 50% Pleurotus sp.+ 50% de solo; T5: 100% Agaricus sp.; T6: 75% de Agaricus sp.+ 25% de solo; T7: 50% de Agaricus sp. + 50 % de solo e T8: 100% de solo). Foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento como: área foliar; taxa de crescimento relativo; taxa de crescimento absoluto; taxa de crescimento relativo foliar; taxa de crescimento absoluto foliar; taxa de assimilação líquida; razão área foliar; taxa de crescimento da cultura e índice de área foliar. Conclui-se que a associação do substrato com a presença do cogumelo Agaricus sp. promoveu o maior desenvolvimento na cultura do pimentão em bandeja, em relação ao substrato comercial utilizado. Os parâmetros de crescimento área foliar; taxa de crescimento absoluto; taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto foliar; taxa de crescimento da cultura e índice de área foliar, variaram de acordo com os substratos analisados, relacionado com o crescimento das mudas segundo as respostas fisiológicas as condições de cultivo.This study aimed to evaluate the use of different substrates on the parameters of growth of pepper seedling. Spent mushroom substrate- SMS- derived from Agaricus sp. (Champignon) and Pleurotus sp. (Shimeji). It were bought pepper seeds of Dahra RX cultivar of the same lot. Seeds were sown in trays prefilled with substrates and with 128 cells, evaluating the seedling at 24 and 31 days from sowing on different substrates (T1: 100 % commercial substrate, T2: 100% Pleurotus sp.; T3: 75% Pleurotus sp. + 25% soil, T4: 50% Pleurotus sp. + 50% soil, T5: 100% Agaricus sp.; T6: 75% Agaricus sp. + 25% soil, T7: 50% Agaricus sp. + 50% soil and, T8: 100% soil). The growth parameters such as leaf area; relative growth rate; absolute growth rate; leaf relative growth rate; leaf absolute growth rate; liquid assimilation rate; leaf area ratio; the growth rate of the culture, and leaf area index were evaluated. We conclude that the substrate combined with the SMS derived from Agaricus sp. promoted greatest development in pepper seedlings in the tray when compared with commercial substrate. The growth parameters leaf area; absolute growth rate; relative growth rate and leaf growth absolute; the growth rate of the crop, and leaf area index varied according to the analyzed substrates being connected with the growth of seedlings under the physiological responses growing conditions.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Polyphenol composition by HPLC-DAD-(ESI-)MS/MS and bioactivities of extracts from grape agri-food wastes

Background: Grape agri-food wastes, such as skin, seeds, and other discarded by-products, contain phytochemical compounds that offer potential health benefits. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the polyphenol composition and bioactivities of different extracts obtained from grape marc and seeds, with the goal of exploring their potential for application as natural food additives. Results: Regardless of the extraction method used (dynamic maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), all extracts exhibited relatively high concentrations of phenolic compounds. The chemical characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of specific compounds and chemical groups associated with each extraction methodology. Moreover, the extracts displayed satisfactory antioxidant activities, especially in inhibiting lipoperoxidation as assessed by the TBARS assay. Additionally, the extracts demonstrated effective inhibition against different strains of bacteria and fungi known as food contaminants. Taken together, these findings indicate that those extracts have the potential to be tested as natural antioxidants and preservatives with sustainable origins in food and beverage systems. Among the extraction methods evaluated, traditional maceration and UAE provided extracts with the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Conclusions: Our results suggest the opportunity to explore grape marc and seeds discarded by the winery industry in Portugal as natural sources of bioactive compounds, which could be employed as functional food ingredients or technological additives. The valorization of grape biowastes offers a promising strategy to reduce waste and harness their potential health benefits.Authors acknowledge the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal), for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2021); national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program contract for L. Barros, S.A. Heleno and R.C. Calhelha, and for E. Pereira through the individual program contract. J. M. Ueda thanks FCT for his Ph.D. grant (2022.13392.BD). Moreover, the authors thank the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the research and technological development incentive system (SI I&DT), notice 13/si/2020 corporate R&D projects in co-promotion for inland territories, within the scope of Project Bio4Drinks (NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-113508), for the research contracts of D.B. Rodrigues and T. C. Finimundy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Growth parameters of pepper seedlings at sowing on different substrates

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de diferentes substratos nos parâmetros de crescimento de plântulas de pimentão. Substratos estes oriundos de resíduo de pós-cultivo de cogumelo comestível, tais como: Agaricus sp. (Champignon) e Pleurotus sp. (Shimeji). As sementes de pimentão foram adquiridas da cultivar Dahra RX, do mesmo lote que foram semeadas em bandejas de 128 células previamente preenchidas com os substratos, avaliando as plantas aos 24 e 31 dias, provenientes do cultivo em diferentes substratos (T1: 100% substrato comercial; T2: 100% Pleurotus sp.; T3: 75% Pleurotus sp.+ 25% de solo; T4: 50% Pleurotus sp.+ 50% de solo; T5: 100% Agaricus sp.; T6: 75% de Agaricus sp.+ 25% de solo; T7: 50% de Agaricus sp. + 50 % de solo e T8: 100% de solo). Foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento como: área foliar; taxa de crescimento relativo; taxa de crescimento absoluto; taxa de crescimento relativo foliar; taxa de crescimento absoluto foliar; taxa de assimilação líquida; razão área foliar; taxa de crescimento da cultura e índice de área foliar. Conclui-se que a associação do substrato com a presença do cogumelo Agaricus sp. promoveu o maior desenvolvimento na cultura do pimentão em bandeja, em relação ao substrato comercial utilizado. Os parâmetros de crescimento área foliar; taxa de crescimento absoluto; taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto foliar; taxa de crescimento da cultura e índice de área foliar, variaram de acordo com os substratos analisados, relacionado com o crescimento das mudas segundo as respostas fisiológicas as condições de cultivo.This study aimed to evaluate the use of different substrates on the parameters of growth of pepper seedling. Spent mushroom substrate- SMS- derived from Agaricus sp. (Champignon) and Pleurotus sp. (Shimeji). It were bought pepper seeds of Dahra RX cultivar of the same lot. Seeds were sown in trays prefilled with substrates and with 128 cells, evaluating the seedling at 24 and 31 days from sowing on different substrates (T1: 100 % commercial substrate, T2: 100% Pleurotus sp.; T3: 75% Pleurotus sp. + 25% soil, T4: 50% Pleurotus sp. + 50% soil, T5: 100% Agaricus sp.; T6: 75% Agaricus sp. + 25% soil, T7: 50% Agaricus sp. + 50% soil and, T8: 100% soil). The growth parameters such as leaf area; relative growth rate; absolute growth rate; leaf relative growth rate; leaf absolute growth rate; liquid assimilation rate; leaf area ratio; the growth rate of the culture, and leaf area index were evaluated. We conclude that the substrate combined with the SMS derived from Agaricus sp. promoted greatest development in pepper seedlings in the tray when compared with commercial substrate. The growth parameters leaf area; absolute growth rate; relative growth rate and leaf growth absolute; the growth rate of the crop, and leaf area index varied according to the analyzed substrates being connected with the growth of seedlings under the physiological responses growing conditions.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Air Travel Is Associated with Intracontinental Spread of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1–3 in Brazil

Dengue virus and its four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) infect 390 million people and are implicated in at least 25,000 deaths annually, with the largest disease burden in tropical and subtropical regions. We investigated the spatial dynamics of DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 in Brazil by applying a statistical framework to complete genome sequences. For all three serotypes, we estimated that the introduction of new lineages occurred within 7 to 10-year intervals. New lineages were most likely to be imported from the Caribbean region to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, and then to disperse at a rate of approximately 0.5 km/day. Joint statistical analysis of evolutionary, epidemiological and ecological data indicates that aerial transportation of humans and/or vector mosquitoes, rather than Aedes aegypti infestation rates or geographical distances, determine dengue virus spread in Brazil

Biological characteristics of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are influenced by the number of females exposed per pupa of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

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Avian influenza virus (H11N9) in migratory shorebirds wintering in the Amazon region, Brazil

Aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for avian influenza viruses (AIV). Habitats in Brazil provide stopover and wintering sites for water birds that migrate between North and South America. The current study was conducted to elucidate the possibility of the transport of influenza A viruses by birds that migrate annually between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In total, 556 orotracheal/cloacal swab samples were collected for influenza A virus screening using real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The influenza A virus-positive samples were subjected to viral isolation. Four samples were positive for the influenza A matrix gene by rRT-PCR. From these samples, three viruses were isolated, sequenced and characterized. All positive samples originated from a single bird species, the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), that was caught in the Amazon region at Caeté Bay, Northeast Pará, at Ilha de Canelas. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation of H11N9 in the ruddy turnstone in South America. (Résumé d'auteur

Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015

Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death’ (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death’ (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO