Human odor and forensics. Optimization of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography method based on orthogonality: How not to choose between criteria

International audienceThe use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry would be a real asset for the forensic profiling of human hand odor. This paper focuses on the optimization of a comprehensive gas chromatography method using a synthetic mixture of 80 compounds representative of human hand odor composition. In order to rank the candidate column sets, instead of using a unique criterion, we used a chemometric tool called desirability which is based on Derringer functions and enables to consider several criteria simultaneously and hence to get the best compromise. Nine criteria including six orthogonality criteria were used to evaluate the quality and the efficiency of the separation. The desirability analysis lead to a straightforward ranking and an accurate overview of the results in two situations, with an objective of routine analysis and without. In both cases, the DB-1MS × DB-1701 set was found to be best suited for the separation of the considered mixture, however with different gradients

An Imperative to Monitor Earth\u27s Energy Imbalance

The current Earth\u27s energy imbalance (EEI) is mostly caused by human activity, and is driving global warming. The absolute value of EEI represents the most fundamental metric defining the status of global climate change, and will be more useful than using global surface temperature. EEI can best be estimated from changes in ocean heat content, complemented by radiation measurements from space. Sustained observations from the Argo array of autonomous profiling floats and further development of the ocean observing system to sample the deep ocean, marginal seas and sea ice regions are crucial to refining future estimates of EEI. Combining multiple measurements in an optimal way holds considerable promise for estimating EEI and thus assessing the status of global climate change, improving climate syntheses and models, and testing the effectiveness of mitigation actions. Progress can be achieved with a concerted international effort