Eficácia de Metformina em doentes com diabetes tipo II, relacionado com variantes do gene SLC22A1

La diabetes mellitus tipo II (DM II) es una enfermedad que afecta una gran cantidad de individuos. Un medicamento empleado en el tratamiento de los pacientes es la metformina. Este medicamento es transportado al interior de los hepatocitos por un transportador codificado por el gen SLC22A1. Variantes en el gen con actividad reducida pueden disminuir la cantidad de metformina disponible en el hígado y reducir la respuesta terapéutica. Se propuso evaluar diferentes parámetros bioquímicos en relación a la dosis de metformina y la presencia de variantes en el transportador. Se estudiaron 103 pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de DM II, tratados con 1700 mg/ día de metformina por más de 6 meses. Se analizaron 5 polimorfismos en el gen SLC22A1, glucemia, HbA1c, función hepática, perfil lipídico y renal. Los niveles de HbA1c y de glucemia fueron más elevados en los pacientes que presentaban los polimorfismos R61C, G401S, M420del y G465R aunque la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa sólo para la HbA1c en los pacientes que presentaban las variantes M420del y G465R (p=0,0273 y 0,0018, respectivamente). La presencia de polimorfismos con actividad reducida en el gen SLC22A1 afecta los niveles de glucemia y de HbA1c en pacientes con DM II cuando son tratados con metformina.Diabetes mellitus type II (DM II) is a disease that affects a large number of individuals. One of the drugs used for the treatment is metformin. Metformin is delivered into hepatocytes by a transporter encoded by the SLC22A1 gene. Gene variants with reduced activity may decrease the amount of metformin available in the liver and reduce the therapeutic response. Various biochemical parameters were evaluated in relation to the metformin dose and the presence of transporter variants. A total of 103 patients older than 18 diagnosed with DM II who were treated with 1700 mg/day of metformin for more than six months were studied. Five polymorphisms in the SLC22A1 gene were analyzed as well as glycemia, HbA1c level, liver function, and lipid and kidney profiles. HbA1c and glycemia levels were higher in patients with the R61C, G401S, M420del and G465R polymorphisms; although the difference was statistically significant only for HbA1c in patients with the M420del and G465R variants (p=0.0273 and 0.0018, respectively). Polymorphisms with reduced activity in the SLC22A1 gene affect blood glucose levels and HbA1c in patients with DM II when they are treated with metformin.O diabetes mellitus tipo II (DM II) é uma doença que afeta uma grande quantidade de indivíduos. Um medicamento utilizado no tratamento dos doentes é a metformina. Esse medicamento é transportado no interior dos hepatócitos por um transportador codificado pelo gene SLC22A1. Variantes no gene com atividade reduzida podem diminuir a quantidade de Metformina disponível no fígado e reduzir a resposta terapêutica. Propôs-se avaliar diferentes parâmetros bioquímicos em relação à dose da metformina e à presença de variantes no transportador. Foram estudados 103 pacientes maiores de 18 anos com diagnóstico de DM II tratados com 1700 mg/dia de metformina por mais de 6 meses. Foram analisados 5 polimorfismos no gene SLC22A1; glicemia, HbA1c, função hepática, perfil lipídico e renal. Os níveis de HbA1c e de glicemia foram superiores em doentes que apresentavam os polimorfismos R61C, G401S, M420del e G465R; embora a diferença seja estatisticamente significativa apenas para o HbA1c nos doentes que apresentavam as variantes M420del e G465R (p=0,0273 e 0,0018; respectivamente). A presença de polimorfismos com atividade reduzida no gene SLC22A1 afeta os níveis da glicemia e do HbA1c em doentes com DM II quando são tratados com metformina.Fil: Yang, Pablo. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nicolás, Juan Carlos. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Galván, Cristian Ariel. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Vélez, Pablo. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia En Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Da Ronco, Luciano. Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos Especializados ; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Gustavo Tomas. Centro Médico San Ricardo Pampurri; ArgentinaFil: Beltramo, Dante Miguel. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia En Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Néstor Walter. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentin

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on vector angle neighborhood

Selection is a major driving force behind evolution and is a key feature of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. Selection aims at promoting the survival and reproduction of individuals that are most fitted to a given environment. In the presence of multiple objectives, major challenges faced by this operator come from the need to address both the population convergence and diversity, which are conflicting to a certain extent. This paper proposes a new selection scheme for evolutionary multiobjective optimization. Its distinctive feature is a similarity measure for estimating the population diversity, which is based on the angle between the objective vectors. The smaller the angle, the more similar individuals. The concept of similarity is exploited during the mating by defining the neighborhood and the replacement by determining the most crowded region where the worst individual is identified. The latter is performed on the basis of a convergence measure that plays a major role in guiding the population towards the Pareto optimal front. The proposed algorithm is intended to exploit strengths of decomposition-based approaches in promoting diversity among the population while reducing the user's burden of specifying weight vectors before the search. The proposed approach is validated by computational experiments with state-of-the-art algorithms on problems with different characteristics. The obtained results indicate a highly competitive performance of the proposed approach. Significant advantages are revealed when dealing with problems posing substantial difficulties in keeping diversity, including many-objective problems. The relevance of the suggested similarity and convergence measures are shown. The validity of the approach is also demonstrated on engineering problems.This work was supported by the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia under grant PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2013 (Projecto Estrategico - LA 25 - 2013-2014 - Strategic Project - LA 25 - 2013-2014).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: controversy and consensus

Renal replacement therapies (RRTs) represent a cornerstone in the management of severe acute kidney injury. This area of intensive care and nephrology has undergone significant improvement and evolution in recent years. Continuous RRTs have been a major focus of new technological and treatment strategies. RRT is being used increasingly in the intensive care unit, not only for renal indications but also for other organ-supportive strategies. Several aspects related to RRT are now well established, but others remain controversial. In this review, we review the available RRT modalities, covering technical and clinical aspects. We discuss several controversial issues, provide some practical recommendations, and where possible suggest a research agenda for the future

Grain size analysis and clay mineral associations in bottom sediments from Parana River Basin

Se describen tres asociaciones de argilominerales presentes en sedimentos de fondo limo-arcillosos del río Paraná y algunos de sus tributarios en Argentina. Una asociación con Caolinita (con Illita cristalina subordinada) y con áreas de aporte hacia el noreste de la zona de estudio, en el Alto Amazonas y el Macizo Brasileño, una asociación de Illita-Esmectita e interestratificado Esmectita/ Illita, procedente de la Cordillera Andina y las Planicies del Chaco ubicadas hacia el noroeste y representadas por los ríos Bermejo y Pilcomayo y una asociación de Illita-Clorita dominante, de menor índice de cristalinidad que las del área norte, procedente de las Planicies Pampeanas de Argentina hacia el oeste. Argilominerales interestratificados de tipo Illita/ Esmectita son también descriptos en este sector sur. Las asociaciones de arcilla reflejan tanto la influencia del clima como a la litología y composición de estas áreas de aporte. Los tributarios del río Paraná Inferior muestran una composición de argilominerales dominante, de tipo Illita-Esmectita con proveniencia de las Planicies Pampeanas. En esta contribución tres asociaciones de argilofacies (Illita-Clorita, IllitaEsmectita interestratificado y Caolinita) en los sedimentos de fondo de los tributarios del Río Paraná son analizadas e interpretadas en base a los principales factores de control como clima y procedencia.Three different clay mineral assemblages are detected in mud-sandy bottom sediments of the Paraná Basin of Argentina. A dominant Kaolinite association, with sources areas in the Upper Amazon, north-east of the study area and within the Brazilian Shield (also with subordinated crystalline Illite); an Illitic- Smectitic and Interlayer I/S association, from the Andean Cordillera and the Chaco Plains in the north-west and mainly represented by the Bermejo and Pilcomayo Rivers; a southern Illitic-Chlorite dominant, but with lower crystallinity index than in the northern area, whose source is in the Pampean Plains to the west of Argentina. Mixed layer clays (Illite/Smectite) were also detected in this southern sector. These clay mineral associations reflect not only the climate but the source rock composition in these three main geographical areas. The tributaries of the lower Paraná River Basin show a dominant Illitic-Smectitic clay mineral association that has been eroded and transported from the Pampean Plains. In this contribution, three main clay mineral associations (Illite-Chlorite, Smectite-I/S, and Kaolinite) in stream sediments of the Paraná River and tributaries within a wide area of Argentina are described and their provenance is interpreted on the basis of controlling factors, climate and provenance.Centro de Investigaciones GeológicasInstituto de Geomorfología y SuelosFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Search for ZZ and ZW Production in ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV

We present a search for ZZ and ZW vector boson pair production in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV using the leptonic decay channels ZZ --> ll nu nu, ZZ --> l l l' l' and ZW --> l l l' nu. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 194 pb-1 collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab, 3 candidate events are found with an expected background of 1.0 +/- 0.2 events. We set a 95% confidence level upper limit of 15.2 pb on the cross section for ZZ plus ZW production, compared to the standard model prediction of 5.0 +/- 0.4 pb.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. This version is accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. D Rapid Communication

Measurement of the ttbar Production Cross Section in ppbar Collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV using Lepton + Jets Events with Secondary Vertex b-tagging

We present a measurement of the ttbar production cross section using events with one charged lepton and jets from ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. In these events, heavy flavor quarks from top quark decay are identified with a secondary vertex tagging algorithm. From 162 pb-1 of data collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab, a total of 48 candidate events are selected, where 13.5 +- 1.8 events are expected from background contributions. We measure a ttbar production cross section of 5.6^{+1.2}_{-1.1} (stat.) ^{+0.9}_{0.6} (syst.) pb.Comment: 28 pages, 20 figures. Published in Physical Review