The Credit Portfolio and Its Impact on the Liquidity of Savings and Credit Cooperatives Segment 3, Province of Chimborazo, Case: San Miguel de Pallatanga Cooperative, 2017– 2019

The objective of this research is to analyze the credit portfolio and its impact on the Liquidity of the Savings and Credit Cooperatives Segment 3, Province of Chimborazo, during the period 2017–2019 Case: Cooperativa San Miguel de Pallatanga. The design of this research refers to a set of systematic and empirical processes, since the diagnostic processes are dynamic and evolutionary, which allowed the information to be quantitative in nature, further allowing deriving a deductive thinking scheme based on the logic and reasoning of the researcher. After analyzing the accounting balances disclosed in the 2017–2018 and 2019 Statements of Financial Position, the joint liquidity calculation was proceeded to the financial analysis from which the highest liquidity indicator registered in the Cooperativa San Jorge LTDA corresponding to a greater capacity for responding to immediate cash requirements by its depositors or reserve requirements, followed by Cooperativa San Miguel de Pallatanga, Cooperativa Nueva Esperanza LTDA, and Cooperativa Minga LTDA. In addition, according to the data obtained in 2019, the San Miguel de Pallatanga Cooperative reports 100% non-payments in the priority commercial portfolio, which indicates that the institution has serious problems to recover the priority commercial loan portfolio. Keywords: credit portfolio, liquidity, cash-outs, financial analysis, savings and credit cooperatives. Resumen El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la Cartera de Crédito y su incidencia en la Liquidez de las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito Segmento 3, Provincia de Chimborazo, periodo 2017 – 2019 Caso: Cooperativa San Miguel de Pallatanga. El diseño de esta investigación refiere un conjunto de procesos sistemáticos y empíricos, ya que los procesos de diagnóstico son dinámicos y evolutivos, lo cual permitió que la información al ser de carácter cuantitativa permita derivar un esquema de pensamiento deductivo, basado en lógica y el razonamiento del investigador. Luego de analizar los saldos contables revelados en los Estados de Situación Financiera 2017-2018 y 2019 se procedió al cálculo de liquidez conjunto al análisis financiero del cual se obtuvo el indicador de liquidez más alto registrado en la Cooperativa San Jorge LTDA correspondiente a mayor capacidad para responder los requerimientos de efectivo inmediatos por parte de sus depositantes o requerimientos de encaje, seguido de la Cooperativa San Miguel de Pallatanga, la Cooperativa Nueva Esperanza LTDA y Cooperativa Minga LTDA. Además, según los datos obtenidos en el año 2019 la Cooperativa San Miguel de Pallatanga reporta el 100% de morosidad de cartera comercial prioritaria lo que indica que la institución tiene graves problemas para recuperar la cartera de créditos comerciales prioritarios. Palabras Clave: cartera de crédito, liquidez, cobranza, análisis financiero, cooperativas de ahorro y crédit

Comparison of micrometeorological techinques for estimating ammonia emission from covered slurry storage and land spreading of cattle slurry

The micrometeorological mass-balance integrated horizontal flux (IHF) technique has been commonly employed for measuring ammonia (NH3) emissions inon-field experiments. However, the inverse-dispersion modeling technique, such as the backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) modeling approach, is currently highlighted as offering flexibility in plot design and requiring a minimum number of samplers (Ro et al., 2013). The objective of this study was to make a comparison between the bLS technique with the IHF technique for estimating NH3 emission from flexible bag storage and following landspreading of dairy cattle slurry. Moreover, considering that NH3 emission in storage could have been non uniform, the effect on bLS estimates of a single point and multiple downwind concentration measurements was tested, as proposed by Sanz et al. (2010)

Effective targeting of DC-sign by α-fucosylamide functionalized gold nanoparticles

Dendritic Cells (DCs), the most potent antigenpresenting cells, play a critical role in the detection of invading pathogens, which are recognized also by multiple carbohydrate-specific receptors. Among them, DC-SIGN is one of the best characterized, with high-mannose and Lewis-type glycan specificity. In this study, we present a potent DC-SIGN targeting device developed using gold nanoparticles functionalized with \u3b1-fucosyl-\u3b2-alanyl amide. The nanoparticles bound to cellular DC-SIGN and induced internalization as effectively as similar particles coated with comparable amounts of LewisX oligosaccharide. They were found to be neutral toward dendritic cell maturation and IL-10 production, thus envisaging a possible use as targeted imaging tools and antigen delivery devices

Adenovirus Armed With TNFa and IL2 Added to aPD-1 Regimen Mediates Antitumor Efficacy in Tumors Refractory to aPD-1

Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 have revolutionized the field of oncology over the past decade. Nevertheless, the majority of patients do not benefit from them. Virotherapy is a flexible tool that can be used to stimulate and/or recruit different immune populations. T-cell enabling virotherapy could enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, even in tumors resistant to these inhibitors. The T-cell potentiating virotherapy used here consisted of adenoviruses engineered to express tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 in the tumor microenvironment. To study virus efficacy in checkpoint-inhibitor resistant tumors, we developed an anti-PD-1 resistant melanoma model in vivo. In resistant tumors, adding virotherapy to an anti-PD-1 regimen resulted in increased survival (p=0.0009), when compared to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Some of the animals receiving virotherapy displayed complete responses, which did not occur in the immune checkpoint-inhibitor monotherapy group. When adenoviruses were delivered into resistant tumors, there were signs of increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and activation, which - together with a reduced presence of M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells - could explain those results. T-cell enabling virotherapy appeared as a valuable tool to counter resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The clinical translation of this approach could increase the number of cancer patients benefiting from immunotherapies.Peer reviewe

Estrogen-dependent dynamic profile of eNOS-DNA associations in prostate cancer

In previous work we have documented the nuclear translocation of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and its participation in combinatorial complexes with Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) and Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) that determine localized chromatin remodeling in response to estrogen (E2) and hypoxia stimuli, resulting in transcriptional regulation of genes associated with adverse prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa). To explore the role of nuclear eNOS in the acquisition of aggressive phenotype in PCa, we performed ChIP-Sequencing on chromatin-associated eNOS from cells from a primary tumor with poor outcome and from metastatic LNCaP cells. We found that: 1. the eNOS-bound regions (peaks) are widely distributed across the genome encompassing multiple transcription factors binding sites, including Estrogen Response Elements. 2. E2 increased the number of peaks, indicating hormone-dependent eNOS re-localization. 3. Peak distribution was similar with/without E2 with ≈ 55% of them in extragenic DNA regions and an intriguing involvement of the 5′ domain of several miRs deregulated in PCa. Numerous potentially novel eNOS-targeted genes have been identified suggesting that eNOS participates in the regulation of large gene sets. The parallel finding of downregulation of a cluster of miRs, including miR-34a, in PCa cells associated with poor outcome led us to unveil a molecular link between eNOS and SIRT1, an epigenetic regulator of aging and tumorigenicity, negatively regulated by miR-34a and in turn activating eNOS. E2 potentiates miR-34a downregulation thus enhancing SIRT1 expression, depicting a novel eNOS/SIRT1 interplay fine-tuned by E2-activated ER signaling, and suggesting that eNOS may play an important role in aggressive PCa

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets

EP05.02-003 Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Unresectable Stage III NSCLC. Comparative Study of Two Cohorts in the Real-World Setting

[EN] Introduction: Durvalumab is the new standard of care for unresectable locally advanced NSCLC, with PD-L1 _1% and who did not have progression after CRT treatment in the European Union. Our study compares the effectiveness and the frequency of radiation pneumonitis in patients treated with concurrent CRT with or without durvalumab consolidation during the same period in real clinical practice. Methods: A single-center retrospective study. 71 treated patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC were included between March 2018 and December 2021, 37 with CRT followed by durvalumab and 34 with CRT alone. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and real-world overall survival (rwOS) were calculated since the date of the end CRT. Propensity score matching (PSM) 1:1 was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics. Results: Median age was 67 years (range 46-82). 25.4% of the patients were _75 years old. 78.9% were men and 53.5% former smokers. 54.9% had squamous histology and 28%, 51% and 21% stage IIIA, IIIB and IIIC disease, respectively. The most used scheme was carboplatinpaclitaxel (43.7%), receiving induction chemotherapy in up to 54.9% of patients. 73.2% received between 60-66 Gy doses of radiotherapy. Median time from end of CRT to onset durvalumab was 44 days (range 13-120) with a median of 14 infusions (range 6-27). Of the 34 patients without durvalumab treatment, the expression PD-L1 <1% (58.8%) was the most frequent cause for rejecting consolidation therapy. After PSM analysis, patients distributions were well balanced. With a median follow-up of 19.7 months (range 1.4-36.6); median rw-PFS was 9.3 months (95% CI, 5-13.5) without durvalumab and 17 months (95% CI, 11-22.9) with durvalumab (p¼0.013). Median rw-OS was 19.3 months (95% CI, 3.8-34.8) without durvalumab and 29.9 months (95% CI, 23.3-36.6) with durvalumab (p¼0.241) with a rw-OS% at 6, 18 and 24 months of 90%, 62% and 49% vs 100%, 86% and 74%, respectively. The rate of radiation pneumonitis was more frequent with durvalumab consolidation (56.8% against 44.1%), (p¼0.346), especially within 3 months after CRT. G3 pneumonitis was only observed in the consolidation therapy. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of durvalumab consolidation after CRT in real-world patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. Further sample and longer follow-up are required to obtain more accurate results. Active surveillance and appropriate management for radiation pneumonitis are needed, in especially in candidates for consolidation treatmentS