Representaciones sociales sobre la higiene oral de los niños menores de cinco años que asisten a la clínica Cartagena de Indias, Universidad del Sinú y Universidad de Cartagena

Resumen Objetivo: Describir las representaciones sociales sobre la higiene oral de los niños menores de cinco años que asisten a la clínica del escolar de la Universidad del Sinú Cartagena. Metodología: enfoque cualitativo tipo etnográfico. Se seleccionaron 12 familias de los niños menores de 5 años que asisten a la clínica odontológica Cartagena de indias. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó la observación, la entrevista individual y la entrevista de grupos focales en las personas responsables del cuidado de los niños. Resultados: la población se encuentra muy limitada por el aspecto económico, reflejándose en la obtención de pocos elementos de higiene oral. Además, el conocimiento que han adquirido sobre las técnicas del cepillado es memorizado, notándose la influencia de los medios de comunicación y las actividades de promoción y prevención tradicionales. Por otra parte se resalta la escasa supervisión de los padres en las prácticas de higiene oral de sus niños. Conclusiones: la información sobre higiene oral que reciben estas familias no les ha servido para cambiar su conducta hacia hábitos de higiene oral saludables. Por esto es fundamental estudiar a los padres ya que son ellos los responsables de impulsar las acciones para la salud oral de sus hijos. (Duazary 2009 I: 38-47) Abstract Objectives: To describe the social representations on the oral hygiene of children under five who attend the school clinic at the University of Cartagena Sinú. Methodology: Qualitative ethnographic approach. We selected 12 families of children under age 5 who attend dental practice Cartagena de Indias. For data collection was used observation, interviews and meetings with focus groups in the persons responsible for childcare. Results: The population is severely limited by the economic aspect, reflected in obtaining a few elements of oral hygiene. In addition, the knowledge they have acquired on the techniques of brushing is memorized, note the influence of the media and advocacy and prevention traditional. Moreover highlights poor parental supervision practices in oral hygiene of their children. Conclusions: Information about oral hygiene receiving these families has not served to change his behavior toward healthy oral hygiene habits, which is why it is essential to examine the parents because they are the ones responsible for actions to promote oral health of their sons. KeyWords: Learning styles; Academic Yield

Effect of the consumption of Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 strain on the immune response of healthy adults

Among the various health-promoting functions of probiotics, much attention has been paid to their immunological function, although the immune response to probiotics is generally regarded to be strain dependent. For this purpose, the main objective of this study was to assess the effect of Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 on the immune response of healthy adults during 6 weeks of treatment in a Hepatitis A vaccine model. One hundred twenty three volunteers were randomized into a placebo group, a probiotic group or a mixed group. Blood samples were taken at the beginning, after two weeks of treatment just before the vaccination and at the end of the study. Phagocytic and Natural Killer activities were measured in blood samples, besides the levels of cytokines using Luminex technology, leukocyte subsets assessed by monoclonal antibodies and specific Hepatitis A antibodies with a competitive ELISA.Sociedad Española de Probioticos y PrebioticosPeer Reviewe

Influence of alcohol consumption on hydration status in healthy adults

INTRODUCTION: Osmolality and water intake are considered key biomarkers of the hydration status, which is necessary for an adequate cellular homeostasis and life. However, alcohol intake has shown to affect the hydration status via its diuretic effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on the hydration status of healthy men and women. METHODOLOGY: This study was performed in 123 adults (25-45 y., 69% women). Blood samples were collected to analyze osmolality levels, and a 72 h-recall was used to asses total water intake (TWI)(drinking water, liquids and solid food), liquids intake (soft drinks, juices, milk, beer, wine and spirits) and alcohol intake (gr). U-Man Whitney test was performed to analyse differences between sexes and correlations were performed with the Spearman test adjusted by sex. RESULTS: Men consumed insufficient TWI (2190.2 mL) as EFSA recommendations claim (for men=2,5 L/day), but without statistics differences with women (2213.9 mL). Men showed statistically higher levels of osmolality and liquids intake than women (P<0.05), in particular from beer and spirits consumption, and consequently, the general intake of alcoholic beverages was higher (P<0.05). Thus, osmolality levels correlated positively with alcohol and beer (P<0.05) and with a tendency with alcoholic beverages (P=0.065), which was not observed in women. CONCLUSION: Since men showed lower water intake and higher levels of osmolality, which are related to alcohol intake, a better hydration status might be achieved with a shift in the pattern of liquids by favouring drinking water.Coca-ColaPeer Reviewe

Regulator of calcineurin 1 modulates vascular contractility and stiffness through the upregulation of COX-2-derived prostanoids

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived-prostanoids participate in the altered vascular function and mechanical properties in cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) participates in vascular contractility and stiffness through the regulation of COX-2. For this, wild type (Rcan1+/+) and Rcan1-deficient (Rcan1-/-) mice untreated or treated with the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib were used. Vascular function and structure were analysed by myography. COX-2 and phospo-p65 expression were studied by western blotting and immunohistochemistry and TXA2 production by ELISA. We found that Rcan1 deficiency increases COX-2 and IL-6 expression and NF-κB activation in arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Adenoviral-mediated re-expression of Rcan1.4 in Rcan1-/- VSMC normalized COX-2 expression. Phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictor responses were greater in aorta from Rcan1-/- compared to Rcan1+/+ mice. This increased response were diminished by etoricoxib, furegrelate, SQ 29548, cyclosporine A and parthenolide, inhibitors of COX-2, TXA2 synthase, TP receptors, calcineurin and NF-κB, respectively. Endothelial removal and NOS inhibition increased phenylephrine responses only in Rcan1+/+ mice. TXA2 levels were greater in Rcan1-/- mice. In small mesenteric arteries, vascular function and structure were similar in both groups of mice; however, vessels from Rcan1-/- mice displayed an increase in vascular stiffness that was diminished by rofecoxib. In conclusion, our results suggest that Rcan1 might act as endogenous negative modulator of COX-2 expression and activity by inhibiting calcineurin and NF-kB pathways to maintain normal contractility and vascular stiffness in aorta and small mesenteric arteries, respectively. Our results uncover a new role for Rcan1 in vascular contractility and mechanical properties.This study was supported by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2012-36400 and SAF2016-80305-P), Institute de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Red de Investigacion Cardiovascular, RD12/0042/0022 and RD12/0042/0024, CiberCV CB16/11/00286 and CB16/11/00264 and PI13/01488) Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) a way to build Europe, Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD-3676), COST BM1301 and Roche-IdiPaz. VE was supported by the Ramon y Cajal Program (RYC-2013-12880).S

Optimal network topologies for local search with congestion

The problem of searchability in decentralized complex networks is of great importance in computer science, economy and sociology. We present a formalism that is able to cope simultaneously with the problem of search and the congestion effects that arise when parallel searches are performed, and obtain expressions for the average search cost--written in terms of the search algorithm and the topological properties of the network--both in presence and abscence of congestion. This formalism is used to obtain optimal network structures for a system using a local search algorithm. It is found that only two classes of networks can be optimal: star-like configurations, when the number of parallel searches is small, and homogeneous-isotropic configurations, when the number of parallel searches is large.Comment: 4 pages. Final version accepted in PR

Incorporation of europium into gan nanowires by ion implantation

Rare earth (RE)-doped GaN nanowires (NWs), combining the well-defined and controllable optical emission lines of trivalent RE ions with the high crystalline quality, versatility, and small dimension of the NW host, are promising building blocks for future nanoscale devices in optoelectronics and quantum technologies. Europium doping of GaN NWs was performed by ion implantation, and structural and optical properties were assessed in comparison to thin film reference samples. Despite some surface degradation for high implantation fluences, the NW core remains of high crystalline quality with lower concentrations of extended defects than observed in ion-implanted thin films. Strain introduced by implantation defects is efficiently relaxed in NWs and the measured deformation stays much below that in thin films implanted in the same conditions. Optical activation is achieved for all samples after annealing, and while optical centers are similar in all samples, Eu^3+ emission from NW samples is shown to be less affected by residual implantation damage than for the case of thin films. The incorporation of Eu in GaN NWs was further investigated by nano-cathodoluminescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Maps of the Eu-emission intensity within a single NW agree well with the Eu-distribution predicted by Monte Carlo simulations, suggesting that no pronounced Eu-diffusion takes place. XAS shows that 70-80% of Eu is found in the 3+ charge state while 20-30% is 2+ attributed to residual implantation defects. A similar local environment was found for Eu in NWs and thin films: for low fluences, Eu is mainly incorporated on substitutional Ga-sites, while for high fluences XAS points at the formation of a local EuN-like next neighbor structure. The results reveal the high potential of ion implantation as a processing tool at the nanoscale

Propuesta de diseño de la asignatura de Seguridad de Sistemas Informáticos

Muchos de los actuales planes de estudios de informática carecen de asignaturas específicas sobre las materias relacionadas con la seguridad de los sistemas informáticos, y, dada la importancia creciente de esta materia, es de esperar que sea clave en los futuros planes de estudios. Además, su cuerpo curricular no está tan claro como en otras asignaturas más clásicas (sistemas operativos, bases de datos, etc). En este artículo se plantea una propuesta de diseño de dicha asignatura, desde las competencias que se pretenden lograr hasta los contenidos a impartir y la metodología de trabajo, siguiendo la filosofía planteada por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES)

A smart material for the in situ detection of mercury in fish

We have developed a new fluorogenic polymer capable of detecting the presence of mercury contamination in fish samples. The modified polymer emits blue light when irradiated with UV light proportional to the quantity of mercury, as MeHg+ or Hg2+, present in fish. The quantitative relation between the concentration of mercury in fish and the increase of fluorescence in the polymer in contact with fish samples was confirmed, giving rise to quick and reliable results in the measurements of the presence of mercury in fish using a portable fluorogenic polymeric probe.theMinisterio de Economı´a y Competitividad, Spain, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (Projects CTQ2015-71353-R and MAT2014-54137-R), Junta de Castilla y Leo´n, Consejerı´a de Educacio´n y Cultura y Fondo Social Europeo (Projects BU051U16 and BU061U16), and the European Commission, Seventh Framework Programme (Project SNIFFER FP7-SEC-2012-312411

Structural Determinants of the Dictyostatin Chemotype for Tubulin Binding Affinity and Antitumor Activity Against Taxane- and Epothilone-Resistant Cancer Cells

A combined biochemical, structural, and cell biology characterization of dictyostatin is described, which enables an improved understanding of the structural determinants responsible for the high-affinity binding of this anticancer agent to the taxane site in microtubules (MTs). The study reveals that this macrolide is highly optimized for MT binding and that only a few of the structural modifications featured in a library of synthetic analogues resulted in small gains in binding affinity. The high efficiency of the dictyostatin chemotype in overcoming various kinds of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms highlights its potential for therapeutic development for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. A structural explanation is advanced to account for the synergy observed between dictyostatin and taxanes on the basis of their differential effects on the MT lattice. The X-ray crystal structure of a tubulin−dictyostatin complex and additional molecular modeling have allowed the rationalization of the structure−activity relationships for a set of synthetic dictyostatin analogues, including the highly active hybrid 12 with discodermolide. Altogether, the work reported here is anticipated to facilitate the improved design and synthesis of more efficacious dictyostatin analogues and hybrids with other MT-stabilizing agents.We thank Peter T. Northcote for peloruside A, W.-S. Fang for Flutax-2, K. H. Altmann for epothilone D, Dr. Paraskevi Giannakakou (Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York) for the 1A9, PTX10, PTX22, and A8 cell lines, and Prof. Richard Ludueñ a (University of Texas) for the HeLa βIII-transfected cells. We thank Matadero INCOVA (Segovia) for the calf brains for tubulin purification. This work was supported in part by grants BIO2013-42984-R (J.F.D.) and SAF2012-39760-C02-02 (F.G.) from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, grant S2010/ ́ BMD-2457 BIPEDD2 from Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid ́ (F.G. and J.F.D.), and the Swiss National Science Foundation grants 310030B_138659 and 31003A_166608 (M.O.S.). The authors acknowledge networking contribution by the COST Action CM1407 “Challenging organic syntheses inspired by naturefrom natural products chemistry to drug discovery” and the COST action CM1470. I.P. thanks the EPSRC and AstraZeneca for funding, Dr. John Leonard (AstraZeneca) for useful discussions, Dr. Stuart Mickel (Novartis) for the provision of chemicals, and the EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility at Swansea University for mass spectra