The Effect of Chinese Imports on European Innovation Activities in the Medium-Long Term Period

Studies have been conducted about the role of foreign trade-driven technology transfer in the achievement of the Chinese miracle; however, when focusing on the opposite direction, the literature is not uniform: how are Western businesses affected by trade dealings which China? To what extent does this impact apply to the innovation cycle? In this research we focused on the linear correlation between innovation in European countries (proxied by patent applications) and imports from China, over the 15-year time period following China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. Patent applications are used as a measure of innovation, integrated in an economic model inspired by the "Trapped Factors" model, that makes it possible to account for escape-competition effects. The model analyzes the 2002-2016 period across 22 European countries. Apart from evaluating the impact of Chinese imports on European innovation, our study provides a review of the major contributions that have characterized this research area in the most recent years, trying to categorize and to present them from a proactive and comprehensive point of view. Keywords: innovation, import, China, Europe, patent applications DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-12-03 Publication date: April 30th 202

Gradual Economic Growth in Africa: What are the Underpinning Factors? An Empirical Analysis

We inquire about the forces underpinning the recent gradual economic growth in Africa. Our study covered 41 countries in Africa, cutting across the Western, Eastern, Central, Southern and Northern parts. Our study adopted the fixed effect, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and One Step System GMM to estimate the determinants of upsurge in the economic growth in Africa. Our results divulge that aid has no effectiveness on the economic growth of Africa. Further, the study suggests that China’s FDI to Africa and trade with Africa has helped in the economic growth of Africa. Our study also suggest that the recent improvement in the institution of Africa has contributed to the growth of Africa. Overall, the result of this study helps in recompensing the imbalance in the extant literature. Keywords: economic growth, aid, foreign direct investment, trade, institutions, Africa DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-22-09 Publication date:August 31st 202