An overview of progress in electrolytes for secondary zinc-air batteries and other storage systems based on zinc

The revived interest and research on the development of novel energy storage systems with exceptional inherent safety, environmentally benign and low cost for integration in large scale electricity grid and electric vehicles is now driven by the global energy policies. Within various technical challenges yet to be resolved and despite extensive studies, the low cycle life of the zinc anode is still hindering the implementation of rechargeable zinc batteries at industrial scale. This review presents an extensive overview of electrolytes for rechargeable zinc batteries in relation to the anode issues which are closely affected by the electrolyte nature. Widely studied aqueous electrolytes, from alkaline to acidic pH, as well as non-aqueous systems including polymeric and room temperature ionic liquids are reported. References from early rechargeable Zn-air research to recent results on novel Zn hybrid systems have been analyzed. The ambition is to identify the challenges of the electrolyte system and to compile the proposed improvements and solutions. Ultimately, all the technologies based on zinc, including the more recently proposed novel zinc hybrid batteries combining the strong points of lithium-ion, redox-flow and metal-air systems, can benefit from this compilation in order to improve secondary zinc based batteries performance.Basque Country University (ZABALDUZ2012 program), and the Basque Country Government (Project: CIC energiGUNÉ16 of the ELKARTEK program) and the European Commission through the project ZAS: “Zinc Air Secondary innovative nanotech based batteries for efficient energy storage” (Grant Agreement 646186

Sur l'oxydation sèche du cuivre et de ses alliages V.‐Oxydation sélective d'un alliage cuivre‐beryllium

It is shown that protective films of pure beryllium oxide can be formed on a copper base copper‐beryllium alloy, by heating it to temperatures higher than 600° C on condition that the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere be maintained lower than 0,02mm Hg. This result is in agreement with Mott's theory on the oxidation of metals. Protected samples of the alloy are unaltered by contact with normal atmosphere at 400 or 500° C. Unprotected samples are rapidly oxidized at these temperatures and the films formed contain a little beryllium oxide and large quantities of copper oxides. Copyright © 1952 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe