Occurrence of necrotrophic leaf pathogens in wheat and their relation to symptom development in Hungary (2000-2002)

1879-2720 leaf samples from 8-13 stations of Hungary were collected in March, April, May and June 2000-2002. Drechslera tritici-repentis, Septoria tritici, Stagonospora nodorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana were found in the leaf samples. The occurrence of necrotrophic pathogens was highest (10,79%) in 2001 and lowest (2,63%) in 2002. The occurrence and rate of the necrotrophic pathogens changed significantly among years and locations. The resistance of cultivars based on natural infection could not be properly evaluated, as the level of the epidemic was mostly low and contradictory among locations. Additionally forty four cultivars were tested in Szeged after winter wheat in protected and unprotected environment. Among the necrotrophic pathogens, the dominant pathogens were D. tritici-repentis (2001 and 2002) and S. nodorum (2001). The differences in variety resistance were significant. The biotrophic (leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew) as well as the mentioned necrotrophic pathogens caused significant yield decrease in both years. According to values of correlation coefficients, the influence of biotrophic pathogens was greater on the yield

Rapid interactome profiling by massive sequencing

We have developed a high-throughput protein expression and interaction analysis platform that combines cDNA phage display library selection and massive gene sequencing using the 454 platform. A phage display library of open reading frame (ORF) fragments was created from mRNA derived from different tissues. This was used to study the interaction network of the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional enzyme involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, associated with many different pathologies. After two rounds of panning with TG2 we assayed the frequency of ORFs within the selected phage population using 454 sequencing. Ranking and analysis of more than 120 000 sequences allowed us to identify several potential interactors, which were subsequently confirmed in functional assays. Within the identified clones, three had been previously described as interacting proteins (fibronectin, SMOC1 and GSTO2), while all the others were new. When compared with standard systems, such as microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, the method described here is dramatically faster and yields far more information about the interaction under study, allowing better characterization of complex systems. For example, in the case of fibronectin, it was possible to identify the specific domains involved in the interaction

Transglutaminase-Mediated Semen Coagulation Controls Sperm Storage in the Malaria Mosquito

The mating plug is a key regulator of mosquito fertility

Transglutaminase 2 at the Crossroads between Cell Death and Survival

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Wystepowanie nekrotroficznych patogenow na lisciach pszenicy na Wegrzech i ich zwiazek z rozwojem objawow chorobowych [2000-2003]

1879-2720 leaf samples from 8-13 stations of Hungary were collected in March, April, May and June 2000-2002. Drechslern tritici-repentis, Septoria Iritici, Stagonospora nodorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana were found in the leaf samples. The occurrence of necrotrophic pathogens was highest (10,79%) in 2001 and lowest (2,63%) in 2002. The occurrence and rate of the necrotrophic pathogens changed significantly among years and locations. The resistance of cultivars based on natural infection could not be properly evaluated, as the level of the epidemic was mostly low and contradictory among locations. Additionally forty four cultivars were tested in Szeged after winter wheat in protected and unprotected environment. Among the necrotrophic pathogens, the dominant pathogens were D. tritici-repentis (2001 and 2002) and S. nodorum (2001). The differences in variety resistance were significant. The biotrophic (leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew) as well as the mentioned necrotrophic pathogens caused significant yield decrease in both years. According to values of correlation coefficients, the influence of biotrophic pathogens was greater on the yield.W latach 2000-2003 w okresie od marca do czerwca zebrano od 1879 do 2720 prób liści różnych odmian pszenicy. Próby pobierane były w 8-13 stacjach na terenie całych Węgier. Na zebranych liściach zidentyfikowano grzyby: Drechslerei tritici-repentis, Septoria tritici, Stagonospora nodorum oraz Bipolaris sorokiniana. Najpowszechniejsze występowanie nekrotroficznych patogenów notowano w roku 2001 (10.79%), a najniższe w 2002 (2.63%). Zarejestrowano bardzo dużą zmienność w występowaniu nekrotrofów w zależności od lat i lokalizacji miejsc pobierania prób. Ocena odporności badanych odmian w wyniku samoistnych inokulacji nie była w pełni wiarygodna, gdyż poziom infekcji był niski i bardzo zróżnicowany w poszczególnych stacjach. W Szeged, w warunkach kontrolowanych i niekontrolowanych, przetestowano 44 odmiany pszenicy ozimej. Wśród populacji nekrotrofów dominowały grzyby D. tritici-repentis (2001-2002) oraz S. nodorum (2001). Występowały znaczne różnice w poziomie odporności testowanych odmian pszenicy. Zarówno biotrofy (rdza brunatna, rdza żółta i mączniak prawdziwy) jak i w/w nekrotrofy powodowały znaczne i coroczne straty plonu. Statystycznie wykazano, iż współczynnik korelacji straty plonu i obecności patogenów był najwyższy dla patogenów biotroficznych

The Psychological And Physiological Effects Of Social Support During Childbirth In African Women.

A thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Arts University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of ArtsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social support for African women labouring aione in a Westernized hospital setting. Two high stress groups of first-time mothers, were studied; a mildly hypertensive group and a teenage group. the results indicated support to be moderately effective in both groups. Factors such as the cultural background, the apartheid system, social influences and the environment in which the mothers live may have impacted on the effectiveness of the support.AC 201

Quantity table

Gel image analysis result